Sentences with phrase «by atmospheric conditions»

The equator is an idealized boundary; the ITCZ is a real physical boundary as defined by atmospheric conditions at any time.

From thousands and thousands of years of history, you are trying to make a case based on an incident that might have been little more than an optical illusion caused by atmospheric conditions.

Not exact matches

In advancing these theories they disregard factors universally admitted by all scientists — that in the initial period of the «birth» of the universe, conditions of temperature, atmospheric pressure, radioactivity, and a host of other catalytic factors were totally different than those existing presently, including the fact that we don't know how single atoms or their components would bind and consolidate, which involved totally unknown processes and variables, as single atoms behave far differently than conglomerations of atoms.

And even more especially that the balls from the Colts were not affected by the imaginary atmospheric conditions the Patriots are claiming caused this.

As the growing snow crystal is tossed by the air currents within a cloud, it encounters areas with different atmospheric conditions.

John Turner of the British Antarctic Survey and colleagues analysed the weather conditions that brought about the record chill and found it was caused by an unusual, near - stationary atmospheric vortex.

«They are using this information to test state - of - the - art climate models under conditions of high atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, similar to those expected by the end of this century.»

The team started by looking at the formation of the very small particles — a process called aerosol nucleation — by mimicking atmospheric conditions inside an ultraclean steel «cloud chamber», which Kirkby says is the cleanest ever created.

This late melt didn't make it into the paper, because analyses were done by then, but the atmospheric conditions that led to the later melt were consistent with the findings in the paper.

Since climate in a specific region is affected by the rest of Earth, atmospheric conditions such as temperature and moisture at the region's boundary are estimated by using other sources such as GCMs or reanalysis data.

The group reached the conclusion after having succeeded in the mathematical reproduction of the planet's current atmospheric conditions, through computer modeling that used a numerical model of the atmosphere developed by the Met Office, the UK's national meteorological service.

The research team led by Yoshitaka Oishi of Fukui Prefectural University and Professor Tsutomu Hiura of Hokkaido University's Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere studied how bryophytes can be a tool for evaluating complex atmospheric conditions in urban areas.

The resource geologist examined the possibility of this middle way, by calculating the chemical solubility of the precious metal in surface water under the prevailing atmospheric and climatic conditions.

Whereas the South Pole remains protected by differing geographic, atmospheric and oceanic conditions, the North Pole is undergoing rapid change not seen in at least 6,000 years and perhaps as much as 125,000 years, and which may spread to lower latitudes.

They used the Community Earth System Model, funded primarily by the Department of Energy and NSF, to simulate global climate as well as atmospheric chemistry conditions.

His job, and that of any forensic meteorologist, is to reconstruct the weather conditions that occurred at a specific time and location in question by retrieving and analyzing archived atmospheric data and re-creating a time line of meteorological events.

As more vegetation was removed by the introduction of livestock, it increased the albedo (the amount of sunlight that reflects off the earth's surface) of the land, which in turn influenced atmospheric conditions sufficiently to reduce monsoon rainfall.

Mined to make the first compass needles, the mineral magnetite is also made by migratory birds and other animals to allow them to sense north and south and thus navigate in cloudy or dark atmospheric conditions or under water.

This high frequency observation was made possible by the combination of ideal atmospheric condition (dryness) of the Atacama Desert, high surface accuracy of the antenna, and proper functions of all components as an entire array system including the Band 10 receiver.

Now, scientists at Rensselaer are turning these atmospheric assumptions on their heads with findings that prove the conditions on early Earth were simply not conducive to the formation of this type of atmosphere, but rather to an atmosphere dominated by the more oxygen - rich compounds found within our current atmosphere — including water, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide.

Other works include installations by Hans - Peter Feldmann and Tomoko Takahashi, which both highlight the cumulative power of photographs; a sound piece by Stephen Vitiello that layers barking dogs and firework explosions; and a film of drifting soap bubbles by Rivane Neuenshwander and Cao Guimarães that realizes the abstract forms of atmospheric conditions.

The images Vaughn created in Venice are therefore not only in dialogue with the city's extraordinary atmospheric conditions and built structures, but also with iconic artworks by some of the 20th century's most lauded figures, including Alexander Calder and Constantin Brancusi.

Through this piece, nature will be allowed to take its course in real - time, affected by the real atmospheric conditions unfolding around the stadium in Berlin.

As Holte notes in the exhibition catalogue, Made in L.A. 2014 strives to «describe the larger atmospheric condition of the Los Angeles art world by spotlighting a diverse number of idiosyncratic microclimates that define it.»

But with atmospheric carbon climbing at an annual rate of 2 ppm and expected to accelerate to 3 ppm, levels could approach 900 ppm by the end of the next century, and conditions that bring about the beginnings of ocean anoxia may be in place.

The advantage of such partially - coupled models is that they can be driven by past atmospheric conditions and the simulations match well the observed sea ice variability, which is strongly forced by the atmosphere.

One could quibble with the use of the high - energy UV (which never penetrates to the lower troposphere), and the high concentrations of SO2 and O3, but by far the biggest problems lie in the study's relevance to the real world atmospheric conditions.

However, it is possible to use a GCM to derive some information about the local climate through downscaling, as it is affected by both the local geography (a more or less given constant) as well as the large - scale atmospheric conditions.

Whether the activity of TCs (TC - scale dynamics and cumulus convection together) is determined by the global climatic condition (SST, atmospheric composition and general circulation).

Or maybe they're referring to a future pH < 7 state, but I read recently something to the effect that a doubling of atmospheric CO2 over the next 100 yrs would only reduce the pH of the oceans by 0.24, so we'd be talking way, way into the future (if ever) before pH < 7 conditions should exist.

The second order effect of increasing cloudiness caused by more GCRs when «atmospheric conditions are suitable» for the formation of high clouds due to the other effects of global warming should be warming.

This [above] image, taken by the JunoCam imager on NASA's Juno spacecraft, highlights a feature on Jupiter where multiple atmospheric conditions appear to collide.

The conditions also bolster the views of ice and climate specialists who have stressed that the many factors shaping Arctic conditions year by year, from winds and atmospheric pressure to highly variable ocean currents and soot, still dominate the influence of heat trapped by building greenhouse gases.

20 Local Weather Local weather is influenced by atmospheric and surface conditions in the local area.

In order to determine the rate of historical responsiveness to atmospheric levels of CO2, it is essential to use high - resolution SI data that (i) have not been significantly affected by influences of environmental conditions other than CO2values, and (ii) that can be calibrated against the (1958 — present) Mauna Loa record of increases of atmospheric CO2 levels.

Provided that ocean and atmospheric conditions favor rapid melting in June and July, which we feel are still likely, it is therefore hypothesized that the 2013 fall sea ice extent will achieve values comparable to those of 2012, with regional losses governed by local wind and ice conditions and dynamics.

Therefore, the August - Roche - Magnus equation implies that saturation water vapor pressure changes approximately exponentially with temperature under typical atmospheric conditions, and hence the water - holding capacity of the atmosphere increases by about 7 % for every 1 °C rise in temperature.

In some locations, changes in ocean temperatures and atmospheric patterns brought about by El Niño lead to drier conditions, which increases the damage during «fire season».

You could help clairify things by answering the following question: If atmospheric layers A and B each contain greenhouse gases, under what conditions will we find that the rate of absorption by layer B of layer A's thermal emission equal the rate of absorption by layer A of layer B's emission?

Requires the Climate Service Program to: (1) analyze the effects of weather and climate on communities; (2) carry out observations, data collection, and monitoring of atmospheric and oceanic conditions; (3) provide information and technical support to governmental efforts to assess and respond to climate variability and change; (4) develop systems for the management and dissemination of data; (5) conduct research to improve forecasting and understanding of weather and climate variability and change and its effects on communities; and (6) develop tools to facilitate the use of climate information by local and regional stakeholders.

Type 3 dynamic downscaling takes lateral boundary conditions from a global model prediction forced by specified real world surface boundary conditions, such as for seasonal weather predictions based on observed sea surface temperatures, but the initial observed atmospheric conditions in the global model are forgotten.

According to Minzoni, proxies like foraminifera that signify melting by Circumpolar Deep Water can provide boundary conditions for use in ice - ocean - atmospheric predictive models.

«The authors write that «the El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a naturally occurring fluctuation,» whereby «on a timescale of two to seven years, the eastern equatorial Pacific climate varies between anomalously cold (La Niña) and warm (El Niño) conditions,» and that «these swings in temperature are accompanied by changes in the structure of the subsurface ocean, variability in the strength of the equatorial easterly trade winds, shifts in the position of atmospheric convection, and global teleconnection patterns associated with these changes that lead to variations in rainfall and weather patterns in many parts of the world,» which end up affecting «ecosystems, agriculture, freshwater supplies, hurricanes and other severe weather events worldwide.»»

Lukovich et al, 4.3, n / a, Heuristic It is hypothesized that the 2012 fall sea ice extent will attain values comparable to those of 2011 based on a heuristic assessment of sea ice and surface atmospheric dynamics, with regional losses governed by local wind and ice conditions.

Phil The time spent by an individual molecule in a particular state is extremely small at atmospheric conditions, orders of magnitude less than the mean radiative lifetime which is why emission is extremely unlikely, and most of the energy ends up thermalized.

Leaving aside the possibility of sampling issues (we have to acknowledge that the number of model contributions is small), it is encouraging first to note that the uncertainty relative to both initial conditions / atmospheric forcing are systematically reduced as time goes by.

With such a methodology, the average annual direct flood damage for three Australian drainage basins was projected to increase by a factor of four to ten under conditions of doubled atmospheric CO2 concentrations (Schreider et al., 2000).

«The thermophysical properties of water - air mixtures encountered at atmospheric conditions are reasonably approximated by assuming they behave as a mixture of ideal gases.

How about «I took a well - known result of atmospheric dynamics, driven by non-equilibrium differential heating caused by the GHG GHE and claimed that it is a static feature of an adiabatically isolated atmosphere, ignoring the fact that the proposed thermal profile violates the second law of thermodynamics for the specific conditions of long relaxation times and equilibrium conditions I propose».

Therefore, preconditioning would favor a less - extensive summer minimum ice cover than in 2007, unless offset by a return to atmospheric conditions that are opposite the anomalous ones in 2007.