Sentences with phrase «by atmospheric molecules»

The light is scattered by the atmospheric molecules and particles, and a fraction is collected back on the ground with a telescope.

About half of the albedo comes from clouds, with the surface and Rayleigh scattering by atmospheric molecules contributing the rest.

As this light passes through the exoplanet's atmosphere, some of it is absorbed by atmospheric molecules.

Not exact matches

With this labeling method, the intrinsically labeled Golden Rice β - carotene showed a protonated molecule of m / z of Mβc + H + = 536 + 1 (representing unlabeled β - carotene) and a range of isotopomers with the most abundant showing an enrichment of 9 deuterium at Menrich - βc = Mβc + H + + 9 mass units (Figure 4) as analyzed by using the liquid chromatography / mass spectrometry with a positive atmospheric pressure chemical ionization interface (the total m / z was Mβc + 9 + H + = 536 + 9 + 1 = m / z 546)(23).

The new research, published today in the journal Geophysical Research Letters, explains that this atmospheric loss is driven by a polar wind powered by an interaction between sunlight, the solar magnetic field and the molecules present in the upper atmosphere.

They can reveal important organic molecules, but are obscured by atmospheric moisture.

An atmospheric water molecule can be broken apart by sunlight, releasing the two hydrogen atoms from the oxygen atom that they had been bound to.

IUVS also created a map of the atmospheric ozone on Mars by detecting the absorption of ultraviolet sunlight by the molecule.

By producing proteins that slice and recombine carbon dioxide molecules, these microbes work in tandem with the grasses to capture atmospheric carbon dioxide and turn it into solid, carbon - rich biological matter that gets stored underground.

It's correct that an extra methane molecule is something like 25 times more influential than an extra CO2 molecule, although that ratio is primarily determined by the background atmospheric concentration of either gas, and GWP typically assumes that forcing is linear in emission pulse, which is not valid for very large perturbations.

Methods: In this new approach, the team began with an atmospheric aerosol sample that contains thousands of molecules formed in the reactions of ozone, a common atmospheric oxidant, with limonene, a molecule emitted by various types of trees, which is responsible for the citrus scent found walking among the orange trees.

Scientists are still investigating how this atmospheric loss occurred, but suggest that the sun might have pushed light molecules out of Mars» upper atmosphere that could not be held in by the planet's gravity.

And energy out mostly by radiation, however, as much as 20 % of escaping energy is simply highly energized atmospheric molecules; which furthers vertical convection all the way out to the inside of Earth's magnetic bottle, and the Van Allen radiation belt.

In August 2005, the scientists reported that they created this compound by compressing buckyballs — soccer ball - shaped molecules each made of 60 carbon atoms — at 2,200 degrees C and 200 times normal atmospheric pressure, a process that could lend itself to mass production.

It also seems that even though the selective absorption of specific energy bands by different molecules IS the mechanism to add energy to the air, the energy absorbed by CO2 & especially Water Vapor is extremely rapidly dispersed by molecular collisions to ALL the components of the atmosphere, so that the N2 and O2 also heatup, and all the atmospheric components assume a uniform temperature (ie global warming).

An parcel means that the medium is small enough to be isothermal and in local thermodynamic equilibrium (which then ensures that the population of thermodynamic molecular energy levels will be set by molecular collisions at the local atmospheric temperature), but the parcel is also large enough to contain a large enough sample of molecules to represent a statistically significant mass of air for thermodynamics to apply.

However it happens, a planet's atmospheric temperature results from the heat it has absorbed, ie by ALL the molecules... which in any volume, are all at the same temperature.

If you look at the total cross section of all the air molecules in a volume 1 Meters high by 1 M ^ 2 cross section, You get figure of.0.25 * 10 ^ 26 molecules / M ^ 3 for the number of molecules at atmospheric pressure.

When an atmospheric molecule absorbs energy by conduction or radiation it vibrates faster thereby becoming warmer.

The speed of release is again dictated by overall atmospheric density because greater density renders it less likely that the neighbouring molecules are cool enough for a release of radiant energy to occur.

The radiative absorption capability of CO2 allows atmospheric molecules to reach a higher temperature than that imparted to them by energy at the surface so they rise to a higher location than would be predicted from their weight and their individual gas constants.

As demonstrated by my modest experiment (1 & 2) the presence of the atmospheric molecules participating in the conductive, convective and latent heat movement processes renders this ideal black body radiation impossible.

Ralph Keeling, the son of David Keeling (mentioned above), has shown that atmospheric oxygen has declined by roughly 600 parts «per meg» — that is, per million oxygen molecules — since 1990.

Reply to «Comment on «Cosmic - ray - driven reaction and greenhouse effect of halogenated molecules: Culprits for atmospheric ozone depletion and global climate change» by Dana Nuccitelli et al.» Q. - B.

The statement that only 55 % of human CO2 emissions have been removed by the biosphere / biosphere is something you'll have to prove, which is hard because as far as I'm aware human CO2 does not posses an isotopic signature that can be easily differentiated from natural sources — the arguments you often hear on Skeptical Science are measurements in changes of the C12 / C13 / C14 atmospheric mass, not individual CO2 molecules, which can be misleading.

It seems to me that any layer from the surface to the highest limits of the atmosphere is radiating some roughly blackbody looking spectrum corresponding to its own Temperature; and much of that spectrum exits directly to space (assuming cloudless skies for the moment) with a spectrum corresponding to the emission temperature of that surface; but now with holes in it from absorption by GHG molecules or the atmospheric gases themselves.

Phil The time spent by an individual molecule in a particular state is extremely small at atmospheric conditions, orders of magnitude less than the mean radiative lifetime which is why emission is extremely unlikely, and most of the energy ends up thermalized.

Only about 3 % of those four out of every 10,000 atmospheric CO2 greenhouse gas molecules have been added by humans.

The atmosphere is analogous to a flexible lens that is shaped by the density distribution of the gas molecules, of the atmosphere in the space between the sphere holding them, and space; Incoming heat gets collected in many ways and places,, primarily by intermittent solar radiation gets stored, in vast quantities, and slowly but also a barrage of mass and energy fluxes from all directions; that are slowly transported great distances and to higher altitudes mostly by oceanic and atmospheric mass flows.

But it is surely also true that an atmosphere warmed at its base by conduction will transmit that heat throughout the atmospheric column, maintaining its temperature and lapse rate, yet with most of the molecules in that column having the same kinetic energy (the same heat, but not the same temperature).

The main goal of this program is to determine the global distribution of carbon dioxide and other trace atmospheric gases by sampling at various altitudes and latitudes in the Pacific Basin, counting the molecules and using the data to test mathematical models» predictions.

Since to me (and many scientists, although some wanted a lot more corroborative evidence, which they've also gotten) it makes absolutely no sense to presume that the earth would just go about its merry way and keep the climate nice and relatively stable for us (though this rare actual climate scientist pseudo skeptic seems to think it would, based upon some non scientific belief — see second half of this piece), when the earth changes climate easily as it is, climate is ultimately an expression of energy, it is stabilized (right now) by the oceans and ice sheets, and increasing the number of long term thermal radiation / heat energy absorbing and re radiating molecules to levels not seen on earth in several million years would add an enormous influx of energy to the lower atmosphere earth system, which would mildly warm the air and increasingly transfer energy to the earth over time, which in turn would start to alter those stabilizing systems (and which, with increasing ocean energy retention and accelerating polar ice sheet melting at both ends of the globe, is exactly what we've been seeing) and start to reinforce the same process until a new stases would be reached well after the atmospheric levels of ghg has stabilized.

Terrestrial radiation absorbed by CO2 is immediately thermalized, i.e. the radiant energy absorbed by CO2 molecules is immediately (about 0.1 nanosecond) transferred (in a process similar to thermal conduction) to other atmospheric molecules which outnumber CO2 molecules 2500 to 1.

It's correct that an extra methane molecule is something like 25 times more influential than an extra CO2 molecule, although that ratio is primarily determined by the background atmospheric concentration of either gas, and GWP typically assumes that forcing is linear in emission pulse, which is not valid for very large perturbations.

If you consider the chart of atmospheric absorbance, seen in article at http://www.climateimc.org/?q=node/348 and http://www.climateimc.org/?q=node/312, it will be realised that the absorbance of energy by atmospheric water, and the dipole behavior of water molecules, results in that energy absorbed by atmospheric water being «converted» into intrinsic kinetic energy OF the h2O molecular unit.

If CO2 molecules in the atmosphere lose energy by collision with other atmospheric molecules then isn't the energy thermalized so that no photon is emitted?

It is the first time I've seen an explanation where the energy represented by the specific frequencies absorbed by GHG molecules are transferred to non-GHGs through collision (and then reemitted by the non-GHGs in the atmospheric windows — almost everyone believes the non-GHGs absorb and emit no IR radiation at all — some bad textbooks mis - educated everyone somewhere along the line).