Sentences with phrase «by balloon measurements»
This trend seemed to continue into the late 1990s and also seemed to be supported by balloon measurements.
https://www.newscientist.com/ Not exact matches
The measurements taken by the BOOMERanG Experiment (Balloon Observations of Millimetric Extragalactic Radiation and Geophysics) and MAXIMA (Millimeter Anisotropy eXperiment IMaging Array) represented «cosmic stretch marks» that were proof positive of expansion at ever - greater rates.
The team, led by Alan Kogut of the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, took measurements with a radio antenna named ARCADE that dangled from a high - altitude balloon over eastern Texas in July 2006.
They analyzed ozone measurements taken from weather balloons and satellites, as well as satellite measurements of sulfur dioxide emitted by volcanoes, which can also enhance ozone depletion.
NOAA measurements at South Pole station monitor the ozone layer above that location by means of Dobson spectrophotometer and regular ozone - sonde balloon launches that record the thickness of the ozone layer and its vertical distribution.
Kalnay and Cai developed a more precise measurement by comparing one set of long - term temperature data recorded from satellite and weather balloons, which detect the effects of warming from greenhouse gases, with another set recorded at ground level by 1,982 weather stations across the continent.
At face value, the satellite data is supported by weather balloon data, covers a much larger area of the globe than the surface - based data, and, as you pointed out, is free from the urban heat island effect and other potential flaws of surface measurements.
Millions of measurements taken by balloon - borne radiosondes do not show it.
This warming can be seen in measurements of troposphere temperatures measured by weather balloons and satellites, in measurements of ocean heat content, sea surface temperature (measured in situ and by satellites), air temperatures over the ocean, air temperature over land.
If my quick notes are right, the movie seemed to also give the impression that the CO2 measurement was done by balloon — it is done by flask.
Temperature measurements retrieved from the hundreds of balloon - borne radiosonde instruments that are released each day by the various national weather services provide much more detailed information on the vertical structure of atmospheric temperature changes than is available from satellites.
The enhanced greenhouse effect is confirmed by satellites, weather balloons, airplane scans, and many surface measurements.
The satellite measurements are validated by independent balloon measurements.
Measurements by weather balloons, the main method used to measure temperatures at the time, only test a small sliver of the atmosphere and are far from comprehensive.
... X-rays are absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, such measurements are made above the atmosphere by apparatus carried by balloons, rockets, or orbiting satellites.
Also, while we have good atmospheric measurements of other key greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane, we have poor measurements of global water vapor, so it is not certain by how much atmospheric concentrations have risen in recent decades or centuries, though satellite measurements, combined with balloon data and some in - situ ground measurements indicate generally positive trends in global water vapor.»
Temperatures aloft can be measured in a number of ways, two of which are useful for climate monitoring: by radiosondes (balloon - borne instrument packages, including thermometers, released daily or twice daily at a network of observing stations throughout the world), and by satellite measurements of microwave radiation emitted by oxygen gas in the lower to mid-troposphere, taken with an instrument known as the Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU).5 The balloon measurements are taken at the same Greenwich mean times each day, whereas the times of day of the satellite measurements for a given location drift slowly with changes in the satellite orbits.
In this paper, we analysed publically archived weather measurements taken by a large sample of weather balloons launched across North America.
Weather balloon measurements are influenced by effects like the daytime heating of the balloons.
A unique program makes approximately monthly measurements of the vertical profile of water vapor with frost point hygrometers carried by balloons at Boulder, Colorado.
I do not know the accuracy of the NCEP reanalysis data on upper tropospheric humidity, but the direct measurement of humidity by weather balloons seems preferable to the very indirect determination from satellite data.
This graph shows the predictions of various IPCC global climate models (lines with no squares or circles) compared to global temperature measurements made by weather balloons (circles) and satellites (squares).
Pilot balloon measurements during BoDEx point to a marked diurnal cycle in the wind speed such that the LLJ accelerates over a near frictionless inversion by night but is mixed down to the surface by extreme radiative heating through modification of eddy viscosity to produce a surface - wind - speed maximum by ≈ 1100 local time (32).