However, the syndrome is not caused
by brachycephaly per se, as brachycephalic breeds such as the boxer do not suffer the syndrome to the same degree.
As a quarter of the UK's most popular breeds are now affected
by brachycephaly, we look at the rise of the French Bulldog and other flat - faced dog breeds French Bulldogs are currently experiencing a meteoric rise in popularity.
Not exact matches
Babies with
brachycephaly and plagiocephaly are commonly affected
by a neck condition called torticollis, which causes the head to tilt and / or turn to one side.
Referrals to craniofacial centers for evaluation of deformational plagiocephaly and
brachycephaly are increasing.8 This increase in deformations has been temporally linked to the Back to Sleep program advanced
by the American Academy of Pediatrics in 1992 that advises the avoidance of the prone sleeping position as a method of reducing the rates of sudden infant death syndrome.10,, 12,13 There is a delay in early gross motor milestones in children forced to sleep supine but these delays seem transient and have not been linked as yet to any longer term problems.14 Children who are encouraged to sleep on their backs and develop abnormal head shapes as a result are a different population than children who spontaneously restricted their movement in bed for one reason or another.
One of the most common measurements taken in the evaluation of
brachycephaly and scaphocephaly is the cephalic ratio (cephalic index), which is a rather fancy term for the measurement taken
by dividing the size of the widest part of a baby's skull
by the longest part of the skull, in millimeters and multiplying
by 100.
Plagiocephaly,
brachycephaly and scaphocephaly can all be accompanied
by other characteristics, such as asymmetrical facial features, misaligned ears, and a sloped or bulging forehead.
Contrary to current beliefs,
brachycephaly and the resulting breathing problems in the breed are the result of complex changes in head structure, and can not be corrected
by merely lengthening the face.
Today's Bulldogs, typified
by their large and flat - faced head («
brachycephaly»), bowed limbs, broad chest, low - slung body, and corkscrew tail has little in common with the athletic build of their sporting ancestors.
Phenotypic traits that are common across many breeds, such as
brachycephaly, are likely to be identical
by descent, just as many other specific genetic traits have been shown to be shared between different dog breeds [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22].