Sentences with phrase «by coastal upwelling»

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The waters probed during this study, known as the California Current, are a hot spot of ocean acidification because of coastal upwelling, which brings naturally acidic waters to the surface, where they are made even more acidic by greenhouse gas pollution.

Average ocean surface pH is expected to drop to about 7.8 off the West Coast by 2050, and could drop further during coastal upwelling periods.

increased CO -LCB- sub 2 -RCB- by using ocean models that include realistic processes such as horizontal heat transport, vertical mixing due to convection and small - scale processes, and upwelling along coastal regions and the equator.

Inshore of this a coastal component exhibits dynamic wind - driven upwelling, which is strongly modulated by local weather systems, resulting in short - term upwelling cycles with a periodicity of 5 — 10 days.

Thus the topography of the coastal shelves and depth of submerged glacier grounding points determines the impact of upwelled CDW and limits extreme basal melting to a relatively few locations as illustrated by the red and orange areas in the figure below (from Depoorter 2013)..

«Changes in basal melting are helping to change the properties of Antarctic bottom water, which is one component of the ocean's overturning circulation,» said author Stan Jacobs, an oceanographer at Columbia University's Lamont - Doherty Earth Observatory in Palisades, N.Y. «In some areas it also impacts ecosystems by driving coastal upwelling, which brings up micronutrients like iron that fuel persistent plankton blooms in the summer.»

Accordingly, upwelling of waters acidified by anthropogenic CO2 has led to a further decrease in surface pH, as reported in the eastern Pacific Ocean along the west coast of North America, from central Canada to northern Mexico, where shoaling of the layer of seawater undersaturated with aragonite increased the frequency and magnitude of coastal acidification associated with upwelling events (Feely et al. 2008, 2010).

The ocean as a whole is warming; however, coastal upwelling may ultimately be enhanced by alongshore winds, which strengthen in proportion to the temperature contrast between the oceanic and continental air masses [Sydeman et al., 2014].

However, the conditions predicted for the open ocean may not reflect the future conditions in the coastal zone, where many of these organisms live (Hendriks et al. 2010a, b; Hofmann et al. 2011; Kelly and Hofmann 2012), and results derived from changes in pH in coastal ecosystems often include processes other than OA, such as emissions from volcanic vents, eutrophication, upwelling and long - term changes in the geological cycle of CO2, which commonly involve simultaneous changes in other key factors affecting the performance of calcifiers, thereby confounding the response expected from OA by anthropogenic CO2 alone.