Sentences with phrase «by cosmic rays from»

Scientists have discovered new evidence to suggest that lightning on Earth is triggered not only by cosmic rays from space, but also by energetic particles from the Sun.

Not exact matches

Complicated cascades of subatomic reactions in the atmosphere triggered by high - energy cosmic rays from outer space.

These particles are one of the most pervasive forms of matter in the Universe: they are created in the Sun and in supernovas, by cosmic rays crashing into the upper atmosphere, and they are even made on Earth, streaming out from nuclear reactors and radioactive rocks.

Prior to CRaTER and recent measurements by the Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) on the Mars rover Curiosity, the effects of thick shielding on cosmic rays had only been simulated in computer models and in particle accelerators, with little observational data from deep space.

Using 30,000 rays with energies above 8 EeV, they find that by a margin of about 12 %, more cosmic rays come from one side of the sky than the other.

Over time, it should detect tens or hundreds of cosmic rays from individual AGNs and their range of energies should clarify exactly how they were accelerated — a process thought to be controlled by magnetic fields around the colossal black holes.

Earth's surface is constantly bombarded by cosmic rays, high energy particles streaming into Earth from space.

Alien worlds, like Earth, are shielded from cosmic rays by magnetic bubbles around their sun — trouble is, stars have a tendency to drop their guard

They studied boulders from the New Zealand site where the glacial wood had been found, measuring the concentrations in the rocks of radioactive isotopes beryllium - 10 and chlorine - 36, which are produced by nuclear reactions between minerals and cosmic rays.

It does so by detecting the gamma rays those elements emit when they are bombarded by high - energy charged particles from space called cosmic rays.

From the sky map of the cosmic rays (left), physicists deduce the hotspot by counting the rays within 20 ° of each point on the sky.

Now, a new theoretical model reveals that they all could be shot out into space after cosmic rays are accelerated by powerful jets from supermassive black holes.

The EUSO telescope, which will be used to find debris, was originally planned to detect ultraviolet light emitted from air showers produced by ultra-high energy cosmic rays entering the atmosphere at night.

A competing theory suggests that cosmic rays bombarding Earth from outer space initiate lightning by introducing high - energy electrons that begin the cascade leading to a strike.

The high - energy cosmic neutrinos detected by IceCube are believed to originate from cosmic - ray interactions with matter (proton - proton interactions); from cosmic - ray interactions with radiation (proton - photon interactions); or from the decay or destruction of heavy, invisible «dark matter.»

The CTA, which should be completed by around the end of the decade, would allow scientists to carry out a range of research projects across astrophysics and fundamental physics, from the origin of cosmic rays to particle acceleration around black holes.

When the glacier starts to retreat, the frontal moraines are no longer protected by the ice, and a sort of «geological chronometer» is triggered, as the rocks begin to accumulate beryllium - 10 and helium - 3 produced by particles resulting from cosmic rays.

Measurements from TIGER seem to show that about 20 percent of cosmic rays consist of heavy elements expelled by the stars themselves.

It might sound like something from a science fiction plot — astronauts traveling into deep space being bombarded by cosmic rays — but radiation exposure is science fact.

Researchers tallied the figure by measuring the concentrations of beryllium - 10, an isotope produced naturally when cosmic rays strike rocks at Earth's surface, in sediments gathered from slopes and riverbeds (image).

Particles blown outward by the solar wind are speeding in one direction, while particles from cosmic rays generated outside the solar system are

Neutrinos don't get deflected by the Milky Way's magnetic field, so if it can be established that they come from the same sources as the cosmic rays, the neutrinos can be used to better locate their shared origins.

After accounting for the deflection of the cosmic rays by the Milky Way's magnetic field, the team found that the particles are travelling about 326 million light years from a region of extragalactic space containing several potential sources, such as active galactic nuclei and starburst galaxies.

This image illustrates the «multi-messenger» emission from a gigantic reservoir of cosmic rays that are accelerated by powerful jets from a supermassive black hole.

Some gamma rays can be produced by radioactive elements within Ceres itself, but most are byproducts of cosmic rays originating from elsewhere in space.

The highest - energy cosmic rays are not deflected much by the weak magnetic fields in our Galaxy, yet they do not arrive preferentially from the disk of the Milky Way or the side of the sky toward the center of the Galaxy.

By deflecting harmful charged particles from the sun and the cosmic rays...

But radiation from the sun and cosmic rays is 100 times stronger in space than on Earth, which is protected by a layer of ozone and the Van Allen radiation belts.

A team of scientists from 17 countries have found the most likely origin of galactic cosmic rays - the centres of distant galaxies (Active Galactic Nuclei) powered by supermassive black holes.

These are created by radiation of many kinds, some coming from above, such as cosmic rays, and some from rocks, such as the decay of radioactive minerals.

So while it's true that organisms living deep in the Earth are not exposed to the high - energy radiation found when you travel between planets or more hypothetically between stars, the systems that cells have evolved to repair damage done by reactive oxygen species will be useful whether they arise from rocks or from cosmic rays.

CLOUD also finds that ions from galactic cosmic rays strongly enhance the production rate of pure biogenic particles — by a factor 10 - 100 compared with particles without ions.

The Pierre Auger Observatory has detected more muons from cosmic - ray showers than predicted by the most up - to - date particle - physics models.

In addition one Nobel Prize - winning scientist, Paul Crtuzen, suggests that tiny particles called sulfates can act as a cosmic sunscreen by blocking the sun's rays from reaching Earth.

Trailing Earth's orbit at 94 million miles away, the Kepler space telescope has survived many potential knock - outs during its nine years in flight, from mechanical failures to being blasted by cosmic rays.

, which are caused by very high energy gamma - ray photons from cosmic sources smashing into the atmosphere.

Such a telescope would use large arrays of ground - based telescopes to detect blue flashes of Cerenkov radiation, which are caused by very high energy gamma - ray photons from cosmic sources smashing into the atmosphere.

When they reach the surface of the earth, the particles from an air shower initiated by a 1020 eV cosmic ray may cover an area of 16 square kilometers.

Prior to this study, researchers attempting to explain the abundance of Beryllium - 10 decay products in meteorites had theorized that a process called spallation — wherein high - energy particles strip away protons or neutrons from a heavy nucleus — by cosmic rays was the culprit.

Turns out scientists from the prestigious CERN laboratories are now suggesting that 50 - 100 % of the global warming we've been seeing may actually be caused by interactions between cosmic rays and the Earth's atmosphere.

The warming trends in looking at numerous 100 year temperature plots from northern and high elevation climate stations... i.e. warming trends in annual mean and minimum temperature averages, winter monthly means and minimums and especially winter minimum temperatures and dewpoints... indicate climate warming that is being driven by the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere — no visible effects from other things like changes in solar radiation or the levels of cosmic rays.

Svensmark (1998) later proposed that changes in the inter-planetary magnetic fields (IMF) resulting from variations on the sun can affect the climate through galactic cosmic rays (GCR) by modulating earth's cloud cover.

By the way, low clouds in darkness increase surface temperature, sort of like the inverse property of commonly understood Cosmic ray effect, not causing a cooling because there are more CR's, but rather a warming, which only low clouds in total darkness can do, so the probable CR temperature signal gets cancelled from one latitude dark vs bright region to the next.

In reality there is a huge diversity of opinion within the skeptic side, like: it's cooling; it's warming (but not as much as GISSTemp says); whatever the temperature is doing, it's caused by cosmic rays, or PDO, or sunspots, or recovery from the LIA...; CO2 is a greenhouse gas (but the feedbacks are negative); CO2 is not a greenhouse gas.....

But if they can be linked to warmer conditions globally, then these would be most likely caused by solar variations or cosmic rays, a recovery from the LIA and certainly not due to increases in CO2 levels, which aren't caused by human emissions anyway.

This cosmic ray hypothesis had already been debunked before 2013: and in addition, since 2013 there has been more evidence (from cloud - chamber experiments by CERN scientists) showing that this cosmic ray hypothesis is false.

Instead they offer a theory that climate change probably derives predominantly from natural ocean - atmosphere oscillations and / or by natural solar variations (irradiation and cosmic ray flux) and / or by natural cloud cover variations and / or the Milankovitch Effect, i.e. it is probably predominantly just natural.

Later, the enhancement of atmospheric aerosol particle formation by ions generated from cosmic rays was proposed as a physical mechanism explaining this correlation.

The sunspot number you show is very controversial, e.g. http://www.leif.org/research/Solar-Activity-Past-Present-and-Future.pdf and http://ssnworkshop.wikia.com/wiki/Home And the correlation is contradicted by the Figure in the article of this thread: http://www.leif.org/research/HMF-Briffa.png The green curve is solar activity deduced from cosmic ray proxies of the solar magnetic field as carried out to the Earth by the solar wind.

DocMartyn, please verify for yourself that nowadays 14C is created in the atmosphere, from nitrogen nuclei, by cosmic rays (for awhile some was made by H - bombs, but fortunately those days are past).