Sentences with phrase «by costimulatory»

The response of T cells can be controlled by costimulatory molecules present on APC that interact with co-receptors present on the T cell.

Not exact matches

Thus, transport of peptide — MHC II complexes by DCs not only accomplishes transfer from late endocytic compartments to the plasma membrane, but does so in a manner that selectively concentrates TCR ligands and costimulatory molecules for T cell contact.

Because previous work in rats and monkeys has found that proteins that block the costimulatory signal can hold T cells at bay, Kim Olthoff, a transplant surgeon at the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center in Philadelphia, thought her team could achieve a targeted immune suppression by getting the transplanted organ itself — rather than proteins injected into the bloodstream — to block the costimulatory signal.

Upregulation of costimulatory molecules induced by lipopolysaccharide and double - stranded RNA occurs by Trif - dependent and Trif - independent pathways.

When TLRs are triggered by lipopolysaccharides, oral Langerhans cells upregulate expression of coinhibitory molecules B7 - H1 and B7 - H3, whereas expression of the costimulatory molecule CD86 (B7 - 2) is decreased.

These include T - cell depletion by apoptosis; anergy (ie, the process by which T cells that are presented with a peptide in the absence of costimulatory signals become refractory to further stimulation with the antigen and are therefore inactivated); and the development of regulatory T cells, which can actively suppress antigen - specific responses following re-challenge with the antigen.

Functionally, T cells stimulated by antigen but without costimulatory signals, are able to proliferate and expand in numbers, but only transiently, with proliferation being very short - lived and few T cells being able to survive over time (Rogers, 1998, J Immunol).