Sentences with phrase «by cumulative emissions»

Figures from the World Resources Institute show the top 10 nations as measured by their cumulative emissions between 1850 and 2007.

The following figures from the World Resources Institute show the top 10 nations as measured by their cumulative emissions between 1850 and 2007.

This is not true for CO2, for which the climate is influenced by cumulative emissions.

The maximum rate of CO2 - induced warming, which will affect the feasibility and cost of adapting to climate change, is not determined by cumulative emissions but is tightly aligned with peak rates of emissions.

Not exact matches

Another graphic, circulated on Twitter by German broadcaster Deutsch Welle, shows how different cumulative, historic emissions look from the current scenario: China three years ago surpassed the United States as the global greenhouse gas emissions leader.

Cumulative emissions of CO2 since 1870 are set to reach 2015 billion tonnes in 2013 — with 70 per cent caused by burning fossil fuels and 30 per cent from deforestation and other land - use changes.

Thus, climate changes forced by CO2 depend primarily on cumulative emissions, making it progressively more and more difficult to avoid further substantial climate change.

Total cumulative fossil fuel CO2 emissions 1750 to 2011 amounts to 365 ± 30 PgC That 261 years equals 1.4 PgC per year average Equals a 120 + ppm rise of CO2 to 400 ppm 2000 to 2009 the PgC increased by 3.2 % per year

By framing the issue in terms of a carbon budget based around cumulative emissions, the IPCC's most recent report showed that it doesn't necessarily matter what short - term emissions reduction targets are adopted, or which country cuts emissions by a particular amount relative to another nation's pledgeBy framing the issue in terms of a carbon budget based around cumulative emissions, the IPCC's most recent report showed that it doesn't necessarily matter what short - term emissions reduction targets are adopted, or which country cuts emissions by a particular amount relative to another nation's pledgeby a particular amount relative to another nation's pledges.

Cumulative fossil fuel emissions in this scenario are ∼ 129 GtC from 2013 to 2050, with an additional 14 GtC by 2100.

A limit of approximately 500 GtC on cumulative fossil fuel emissions, accompanied by a net storage of 100 GtC in the biosphere and soil, could keep global temperature close to the Holocene range, assuming that the net future forcing change from other factors is small.

Cumulative emissions of CO2 largely determine global mean surface warming by the late 21st century and beyond.

Allen et al, «Warming caused by cumulative carbon emissions towards the trillionth tonne».

Doesn't this contradict the analysis you point to by Allen et al and Meinshausen et al, both of which calculate a cumulative emissions budget that include substantial future emissions, to keep us within the 2 °C limit?

Finally, to revisit the question originally posed @ 203: Assuming the IEO2011 Reference case of «1 trillion metric tons of additional cumulative energy - related carbon dioxide emissions between 2009 and 2035», and given that this case equates to following RCP8.5 until 2035 as previously demonstrated @ 408, what increase in average global surface temperature relative to pre-industrial would result by 2035?

«Cumulative CO2 emissions under RCP8.5 are 26PgC (12 - 52PgC) by 2100.

Assuming the IEO2011 Reference case of «1 trillion metric tons of additional cumulative energy - related carbon dioxide emissions between 2009 and 2035», and given that this case equates to following RCP8.5 until 2035 as previously demonstrated @ 408, what increase in average global surface temperature relative to pre-industrial would result by 2035?

Mark — What are your thoughts about the analysis by Ramanathan and Feng (PNAS, Sept 17,2008: http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0803838105), in which they calculate the committed warming of cumulative emissions since the pre-industrial era as in the region of 2.4 °C (with a confidence interval of 1.4 °C to 4.3 °C), based on calculating the equilibrium temperature if GHG concentrations are held at 2005 levels into the future.

By some estimates, cumulative emissions in 2014 might be higher than the models simply be because emissions were consistently above the RCP range between 2005 - 2014.

It's a big job, but it's one that has to be done anyway, since if the whole world tries to pull itself into prosperity by burning carbon at the rate the US does, then we run out of coal even at the highest estimates by 2100, and you wind up with no fossil energy and the hellish climate you get from 5000 gigatonnes cumulative emission.

In other words — by 2014 we'd used more of the carbon budget than any of the RCPs had anticipated and if we are not confident that the real world is cooler than the models at this level of cumulative emissions, this means that available emissions for 1.5 degrees should decrease proportionately.

A key point to note is that, by resetting the cumulative emissions baseline, the Millar et al available emissions budget is insensitive to the actual cumulative emissions to date.

Fig. 1 (b) shows that the anomaly between observations and the CMIP5 mean temperature response to cumulative emissions is halved by repeating the Millar analysis with the GISTEMP product instead of HadCRUT.

Millar et al. wrote the confusing sentence: «in the mean CMIP5 response cumulative emissions do not reach 545GtC until after 2020, by which time the CMIP5 ensemble - mean human - induced warming is over 0.3 °C warmer than the central estimate for human - induced warming to 2015».

In contrast, the CO2 emissions emitted by a coal plant represents a cumulative contribution to the atmospheric stock of carbon.

Emissions peak in 2021, decline (in all - gas terms) by a maximum of 4.5 % per year, and have a cumulative budget of 2,860 Gt CO2e.

Ultimately, though, the magnitude of warming we experience will not be determined by emissions in any one year, but by cumulative CO2 emissions.

Shifting the region's forecast coal capacity in 2035 from the current mix to ultra-supercritical would reduce cumulative emissions by 1.3 billion tonnes.

Responsibility, by which we mean contribution to the climate problem, is similarly defined as cumulative emissions (since some agreed starting year) excluding emissions that correspond to consumption below the development threshold.

Nonetheless, it adds that emissions reductions achieved through its credits system, known as the Joint Crediting Mechanism, will be «appropriately counted», and will add up to a cumulative 50 - 100m tonnes of CO2 by 2030.

By comparison, they also report that Hansen's central case for a 350 ppm CO2 budget (which we used as the basis of our 350 pathway) provides for cumulative emissions of about 750 gigatonnes between 2000 and 2050.

The Trump difference could take American emissions to 76 billion tons, with that 11 - billion - ton difference increasing cumulative global emissions by less than 2 percent.

Table S4 lists all plotted cities by name and provides the critical cumulative emissions totals needed for commitment and the corresponding commitment years under all four RCP scenarios.

By «committed» or «locked in» warming or sea level in a given year, we refer to the long - term effects of cumulative anthropogenic carbon emissions through that year: the sustained temperature increase or SLR that will ensue on a time scale of centuries to millennia in the absence of massive and prolonged future active carbon removal from the atmosphere.

Following these informal discussions, delegates agreed on text stating that limiting the warming caused by anthropogenic CO2 emissions alone with a probability range of greater than 33 %, 50 %, and 66 %, to less than 2ºC since the period 1861 - 1880, will require cumulative CO2 emissions from all anthropogenic sources to stay between 0 and about 1560 GtC, 0 and about 1210 GtC, and 0 and about 1000 GtC.

The group also proposed adding Table SPM.3 with the cumulative CO2 emissions, which was adopted by the WG.

Climate Stabilization, Climate Change Commitment and Irreversibility: On the relationship between cumulative total emissions of CO2 and global mean surface temperature change, China, Saudi Arabia and India expressed difficulties understanding that this relationship is linear, with China, supported by Saudi Arabia, suggesting referring to «positively correlated» instead of «approximately linear.»

But the value of cumulative emission budgets as strategic communications tools has been recognized by many groups.

Carbon and Other Biochemical Cycles: On cumulative fossil fuel emissions for the 2012 - 2100 period, China, Kenya and Venezuela, opposed by Germany, said presenting figures for the means together with the ranges created confusion.

Again, interestingly, the cumulative emissions of the US too will be exactly 16 per cent of the world's total by 2030.

In terms of cumulative emissions, by 2030 (that is, the 1850 - 2030 period) the share of greenhouse gas emissions of China would reach about 16 % of the world's total.

Figure 1: The linear relationship between cumulative CO2 emissions and global warming as calculated by IPCC - class climate models.

So even though the annual emissions might not be well modeled by a single raised exponential, the cumulative could be.

Since only half of what we emit «remains» in the atmosphere, this means we would need to reduce CO2 emissions by a cumulative 1,000 Gt..

The text also states that cumulative CO2 emissions largely determine global mean surface warming by the late 21st century and beyond, and that most aspects of climate change will persist for many centuries even if CO2 emissions stop.

Requires the EPA Administrator to promulgate regulations establishing a program to use emission allowances set aside to reduce GHG emissions from deforestation in developing countries, with the objectives to: (1) achieve 720 million tons of reductions in 2020 and a cumulative emission reduction of 6 billion tons by 2025, (2) build institutional capacities in developing nations; and (3) preserve intact, native forests.

No greater than 72 gigawatts of total cumulative generating capacity (including industrial applications, measured by such equivalent metric as the Administrator may designate) may receive emission allowances under this section.

A global phase - down could avoid 1.1 — 1.7 billion metric tons CO2 equivalent (CO2 equivalent is a measure used to compare impacts of greenhouse gases based on their global warming potential in relation to CO2) of GHG emissions per year by 2030, with cumulative emission reductions of nearly 100 billion metric tons CO2 equivalent by 2050.

«(iii) by country, annual total, annual per capita, and cumulative anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases for the top 50 emitting nations;

This conflation is highly problematic: according to IEA modeling for a two - degree future, CCS is expected to «deliver 13 % the cumulative emissions reductions needed by 2050.»