Sentences with phrase «by deep ocean water»

Researchers studied the Cayman reefs, which are 80 miles south of Cuba and surrounded by deep ocean water, in part because of their remoteness and negligible impact from a small nearby human population, Frazer said.

Not exact matches

Blessed with warm sunny weather all year round (roughly 300 days of sunshine a year), ringed by the Atlantic Ocean on one side and protected on the other by the calm, deep - blue waters of the Tagus River (the longest river in the Iberian Peninsula), this traditionally sophisticated city seems to have it all.

A new study in Marine Biology Research tackles this issue by comparing the physical characteristics of two similar octopus species that live on the ocean floor, as deep as 9,500 feet (almost 2,900 m) below the water's surface.

Driven by stronger winds resulting from climate change, ocean waters in the Southern Ocean are mixing more powerfully, so that relatively warm deep water rises to the surface and eats away at the underside of theocean waters in the Southern Ocean are mixing more powerfully, so that relatively warm deep water rises to the surface and eats away at the underside of theOcean are mixing more powerfully, so that relatively warm deep water rises to the surface and eats away at the underside of the ice.

Antarctica's strong Circumpolar Deep Current circles the entire continent, driven by strong winds called westerlies, which also create the Southern Ocean's dangerous and choppy waters.

But the balance between DVMs and the limited deep - water oxygen supply could be easily upset, Bianchi said — particularly by climate change, which is predicted to further decrease levels of oxygen in the ocean.

That's in contrast to some recent work that has suggested the Atlantic Ocean is driving the slowdown by burying the missing heat in its deep waters.

Geysers and deep - sea vents are hydrothermal phenomena in which water, heated and pressurized by molten rock, is released through vents at the land surface or into the oceans.

A new study led by the University of Texas Institute for Geophysics has found that wind over the ocean off the coast of East Antarctica causes warm, deep waters to upwell, circulate under Totten Ice Shelf, and melt the fringes of the East Antarctic ice sheet from below.

During the spring and summer months, deep ocean water rich in carbon dioxide periodically wells up along the California coast when surface waters are pushed offshore by strong winds.

Her real breakthrough is finding the mechanism by which molecules on Europa's surface could unite with water and energy in the lakes, and maybe even in the vast, deeper ocean.

Kepler - 296f is twice the size of Earth, but scientists do not know whether the planet is a gaseous world, with a thick hydrogen - helium envelope, or it is a water world surrounded by a deep ocean.

This research not only provides the first clear evidence that microorganisms were directly involved in the deposition of Earth's oldest iron formations; it also indicates that large populations of oxygen - producing cyanobacteria were at work in the shallow areas of the ancient oceans, while deeper water still reached by the light (the photic zone) tended to be populated by anoxyenic or micro-aerophilic iron - oxidizing bacteria which formed the iron deposits.

One of the largest and most extensive low - oxygen zones ever recorded off the West Coast prevailed off the Oregon Coast last summer, probably driven by low - oxygen water upwelled from the deep ocean, the report said.

A young polar bear stands on pack ice over deep waters in the Arctic Ocean in October 2009, during a major research project headed by the University of Wyoming.

Sardines thrived here, feeding on the rich blooms of plankton fertilized by nutrients carried along by rising deep ocean waters.

In 2015, James Head at Brown University and Michael Carr at the US Geological Survey estimated that the equivalent of a global ocean a few hundred metres deep was needed to explain all the geological features that look like they were formed by water.

Gage and Gordon take issue with claims by Rudall Blanchard Associates, Shell's consultants, that the deep ocean «supports a small range of species»; that deep - water fishing does not take place in the area; and that water currents at the site are what atmospheric meteorologists would call «dead calm».

The waves that run along shallow continental shelves are much larger than those over the deep ocean, and so the force applied by the standing waves is also larger in shallow water.

The thermohaline circulation of the global ocean is controlled in part by freshwater inputs to northern seas that regulate the strength of North Atlantic Deep Water formation by reducing surface seawater density.

Research cruises such as Tara Oceans and the Global Ocean Sampling Expedition have begun to sample, sequence and analyze the ocean microbiome, from the sunlit surface waters that are mixed by the wind to dark deep layers that relatively unpertuOcean Sampling Expedition have begun to sample, sequence and analyze the ocean microbiome, from the sunlit surface waters that are mixed by the wind to dark deep layers that relatively unpertuocean microbiome, from the sunlit surface waters that are mixed by the wind to dark deep layers that relatively unperturbed.

In the abyssal realm, seafloor habitats under areas of deep - water formation (e.g., those in the North Atlantic and Southern Oceans) could experience a maximum decline in O2 concentration of 0.03 mL L — 1 by 2100 (i.e., a 0.5 % drop from current levels; Tables 2, 3; Figures 2, 3).

It is the dense waters formed by this process that set up the deep ocean current patterns.

This warming is largely focused on the equatorial and South Atlantic and is driven by a significant reduction in deep - water formation from the Southern Ocean.

Even more crustal minerals were formed by plate tectonics with the help of lubricating ocean water, atmospheric oxygen from the successful development of photosynthetic microbes, and land - based lichens (of algae and fungi) and mosses which were followed by deep - rooted plants that hastened the erosion and weathering of surface rocks with the help of biochemical action and the creation of soils as well as new clay minerals.

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The recurring signature image of «The Master» — which is also the opening shot — is the aforementioned view of the ocean seen from a high deck on the rear of a ship, the waters roiled by the propellers deep below the surface.

Monterey Bay's five beautiful sandy beaches are sheltered by rugged, tree studded cliffs that drop into the deep azure waters of the Pacific Ocean.

A daydreamers» favorite, the ocean at this beach is so clear you can wade in waist deep and see your toes and the sand — so soft you'll be tempted to forgo the blue - and - white striped sun loungers in favor of a towel spread out by the water's edge.

Inspired by a transatlantic crossing on a freighter from New York to Europe in 1968, during which he perceived the ocean as a slightly curved and seemingly planar expanse with a sharply defined horizon, Bollinger continued to consolidate and intensify this deep - rooted fascination, creating works in which water plays a crucial role: transparent tubing filled with water arranged in a line, a circle or interconnected configurations.

Among an ever expanding (and as Karen Barad might say, «entangled») list, I am inspired by the complex and contradictory city I live in (the city of Chicago) and the incredible community of hard working, sincere, talented artists who I am surround by and have the privilege of working alongside and in collaboration with every day (too many and to diverse to name individually here) / / by mentors A. Laurie Palmer and Claire Pentecost and Anne Wilson and Ben Nicholson / / by Simon Starling and Andrea Zittel and Mark Dion and Sarah Sze and Phoebe Wasburn and Mierele Laderman Ukeles and Joseph Beuys and Eva Hesse and Hans Haacke and Robert Smithson / / by writers and philosophers Karen Barad and Jane Bennett and Rebecca Solnit and Italo Calvino and Steward Brand and the contributors to The Whole Earth Catalog (of which my father gave me his copies) and Ken Issacs and Carl Sagan and Neil deGrasse Tyson and William Cronon and Bruno Latour and Deluze and Guttari and Jack Burnham / / by ideas of radical intimacy and transformation and ephemerality and experimentation and growth and agency and mobility and nomadicism and balance and maintenance and survival and change and subjectivity and hylozoism and living structures / / by mycelium and soil and terracotta and honey and mead and wild yeast and beeswax and fat and felt and salt and sulfur and bismuth and meteorites and microbes and algae and oil and carbon and tar and water and lightening and electricity and oak and maple / / by exploration and navigation and «the Age of Wonder» and the Mir Space Station and the Deep Tunnel Project / / by Lake Michigan and the Chicago River and waterways and canals and oceans and puddles... to name a few.

As most of the earth is covered by ocean the next questions could be of the UV / VIS - spectrum of water:» How deep under water floating algae can photosynthesize and what is the effect of ozone hole to the primary production on the southern ocean?»

5 Earth's surface and deep ocean waters warmed by ∼ 5 ◦ C, of which part may have oc - curred prior to the CIE.. However, few records document continental climatic trendsand changes in seasonality have not been documented.

The model also shows that the presence of seafloor anoxia, as suggested by black - shale deposition in the proto - North Atlantic Ocean before the event, might be the result of the silled shape and lack of deep - water formation of this basin at the Late Cretaceous.

This will induce massive dissolution of CaCO3 in the water column as well as the sediment,... we project detectable dissolution - driven changes only by the year 2070 in the surface ocean and after 2230 and 2500 in the deep Atlantic and Pacific respectively.

A lot of reseach energy is being devoted to the study of Methane Clathrates — a huge source of greenhouse gases which could be released from the ocean if the thermocline (the buoyant stable layer of warm water which overlies the near - freezing deep ocean) dropped in depth considerably (due to GHG warming), or especially if the deep ocean waters were warmed by very, very extreme changes from the current climate, such that deep water temperatures no longer hovered within 4C of freezing, but warmed to something like 18C.

They suggested that the transient changes in El Nino (before the deeper water tapped by upwelling has warmed) may be different from the state of El Nino after the ocean has come into equilibrium.

If the correlations were positive, that temperatures matched Scenario B, would you accept skeptics saying, «Sure, but really, Scenario C is more useful», and if the ocean - heat data looked like Lyman (2010), them saying «Sure, but that's only because deeper heat is being transfered to the surface and replaced by cooler waters, but we can't see it»?

It is enhanced too by the formation of deep water in the polar regions, but slowed by the warming of the surface ocean.

«Since the ocean component of the climate system has by far the biggest heat capacity», I've been wondering if the cool waters of the deep ocean could be used to mitigate the effects of global warming for a few centuries until we have really depleated our carbon reserves and the system can begin to recover on its own.

CaCO3 tends to dissolve in the deep ocean, both because of the high pressure and because the waters have been acidified by CO2 from rotting dead plankton.

(In real life I understand that mixing is the main agent of deeper warming in the ocean due to winds, currents, etc.) Only the top skin of water heats up and therefore lower warming must be by diffusion, or are convection cells within the water inevitable?

IF cool deep sea water were mixed relentlessly with surface water by some engineering method --(e.g. lots of wave operated pumps and 800m pipes) could that enouromous cool reservoir of water a) mitigate the thermal expansion of the oceans because of the differential in thermal expansion of cold and warm water, and b) cool the atmosphere enough to reduce the other wise expected effects of global warming?

There is so little understanding about how the ocean parses its response to forcings by 1) suppressing (local convective scale) deep water formation where excessive warming patterns are changed, 2) enhancing (local convective scale) deep water formation where the changed excessive warming patterns are co-located with increased evaporation and increased salinity, and 3) shifting favored deep water formation locations as a result of a) shifted patterns of enhanced warming, b) shifted patterns of enhanced salinity and c) shifted patterns of circulation which transport these enhanced ocean features to critically altered destinations.

Even assuming that the dataset is comprehensive: Considering that the upper - ocean cooling is seen mainly at 30N and 30S, another explanation for this cooling is increased ocean — to — atmosphere heat transfer in these regions (possibly aided by hurricane - mixing of the upper ocean layer, and advection of deeper cold water as a result).

The deep waters formed by this process then flow into the world ocean, purging the North Atlantic of part of its excess salt.

Abstract: «Comparison of sea - ice draft data acquired on submarine cruises between 1993 and 1997 with similar data acquired between 1958 and 1976 indicates that the mean ice draft at the end of the melt season has decreased by about 1.3 m in most of the deep water portion of the Arctic Ocean, from 3.1 m in 1958 — 1976 to 1.8 m in the 1990s...»

Surface temperature is an imperfect gauge of whether the earth has been warmed by an imbalance between incoming radiation from the sun, and outgoing radiation, because of the role of ocean currents in the distribution of heat between deeper and surface waters.

The Atlantic overturning is driven by the differences in the density of the ocean water: when the warm, lighter water flows from south to north it becomes colder, denser and heavier, making it sink deeper and flow back southwards.

And, by using offshore platform technology proven in the oil and gas industry, we're able to build wind farms in deep ocean waters many miles offshore, where they are barely visible from shore.