Sentences with phrase «by developing countries under»

Examines voluntary participation by developing countries under an approach that reintegrates the two facets of the common but differentiated principle.

Not exact matches

No analysis on how systematic wage arbitrage allowed by trade globalization between countries of very different income level within an exchange rate system allowing massive an persistent trade imbalances led to a massive opening up of compensation scales in developed countries, as well as substantial under - employment.

The dramatic increase in under - employment and the stagnation of average living standards in developed countries has been accompanied by a dramatic increase in employment and average living standards in developing countries.

While its very large e-commerce has been a strong driver of the rise of alternative payment providers in the country, Citi points at a number of other factors that have facilitated the rise of those third - party payment companies, among which an under - developed banking system viewed by the public as quite unreliable (unsurprising given how tightly controlled banking is in China, which has stifled customer - oriented innovation), and «relaxed regulation.»

@KatMat: your analogy would begin approaching realism if: — during the pledge of allegiance kids were forced to say «one nation under The Orioles» — our nation's currency said «In Dallas Cowboys We Trust» — if millions were slaughtered, tortured and burned to death because they weren't fans of The Pittsburgh Penguins — if NASCAR fans endlessly attempted to have Intelligent Car Driving taught beside Evolution in science class as a possible explanation for how mankind developed — if «the 5 D's» of Dodgeball (Dodge, Duck, Dip, Dive, Dodge) were constantly attempted to be made into law so everyone would live by the same ridiculous notions, even if those notions knowingly discriminate — if nutters constantly claimed America was founded on the principles of Darts, even though our country SPECIFICALLY calls for a separation between Darts and State because the founders knew the inherent dangers of Darts becoming government instead of staying in the realm of sport where it belongs

Changes would include a drastic increase in overseas development assistance in the field of communication and under conditions more favourable to recipient parties, the adoption of the UNCTAD Code of Transfer of Technology on the terms proposed by the developing countries, a revision of provisions on the protection of intellectual property in the GATT / TWO multilateral trade accord so as to take the interests of less powerful countries and small producers into account, and the adoption of a multilateral accord on space cooperation and equal benefits.

Developed by STOP DWI New York and Staples Marketing under a grant from the New York State Governors Traffic Safety Committee, «Have a Plan» is one of the most comprehensive traffic safety mobile apps in the Country.

Diana Yousef and Huda Elasaad took a similar approach in developing a portable, waterless toilet for use by those without sewage systems in under developed countries.

EBNIC (an EMBO - coordinated action) is funded by the European Commission under the INCO - DC Program (International Co-operation for Developing Countries).

Developing countries are projected to increase demand by 73 percent by 2030 in the outlook's base reference case — EIA's analysis under current laws and policies — whereas developed countries will grow by 15 percent, the report says.

Two decades have been spent trying, and failing, to force developed countries to slash greenhouse gas pollution levels by particular amounts within specified timeframes under international law.

Under the Kyoto Protocol, developed countries report their greenhouse emissions and removals (such as carbon trapped by trees).

It is difficult to determine exactly what proportion of those losses are due to maternal malnutrition, but recent research indicates that 60 percent of deaths of children under age 5 are associated with malnutrition — and children's malnutrition is strongly correlated with mothers» poor nutritional status.17 Problems related to anemia, for example, including cognitive impairment in children and low productivity in adults, cost US$ 5 billion a year in South Asia alone.18 Illness associated with nutrient deficiencies have significantly reduced the productivity of women in less developed countries.19 A recent report from Asia shows that malnutrition reduces human productivity by 10 percent to 15 percent and gross domestic product by 5 percent to 10 percent.20 By improving the nutrition of adolescent girls and women, nations can reduce health care costs, increase intellectual capacity, and improve adult productivity.by 10 percent to 15 percent and gross domestic product by 5 percent to 10 percent.20 By improving the nutrition of adolescent girls and women, nations can reduce health care costs, increase intellectual capacity, and improve adult productivity.by 5 percent to 10 percent.20 By improving the nutrition of adolescent girls and women, nations can reduce health care costs, increase intellectual capacity, and improve adult productivity.By improving the nutrition of adolescent girls and women, nations can reduce health care costs, increase intellectual capacity, and improve adult productivity.21

In Ethiopia, for instance, LSI faculty have been working for five years under the direction of Research Triangle International to improve primary grades reading outcomes by improving the quality of pre-service teacher education throughout the country, training hundreds of teacher educators and developing training modules in seven local languages.

This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license.This book examines the current state of elective placements of medical undergraduate students in developing countries and their impact on health care education at home.

Unfortunately, she was being treated by poorly - trained vets in a developing country and under remote circumstances that had never really seen an elderly large breed dog.

When travelling and diving in developing countries please enjoy the sites, sounds and culture of that nation, but don't deprive its people of a scarce resource by imposing on what is often an under - resourced health system.

[UPDATE, 7/9, 11 am: The final text has emerged and, as news coverage indicated yesterday, the language pointing to a specific emissions cut by 2050 evaporated under pressure from developing countries.]

So there is a significant issue there, and it is currently being debated under the framework convention on climate change and how to manage it there, but it is also here is the opportunity under the Montreal Protocol to begin to deal with the issue by accelerating the phase - out of HCFCs in developing countries....

The rest is well worth reading — from the media strategy to the keystone point, made repeatedly in Copenhagen by the United States, that from here on in there are two kinds of developing countries and that «advanced developing countries» (meaning China) «must be part of any meaningful solution to climate change including taking responsibilities under a legally binding treaty.»

In order to meet the scale of financial resources required -LCB- and the commitments under Articles -LCB- 4.1 -RCB-, 4.3, 4.4 and 4.5 -RCB- to support enhanced action on adaptation and mitigation by developing country Parties and for technology cooperation and capacity - building, developed country Parties -LCB- and Annex II Parties -RCB--LCB- and other Parties according to agreed eligibility criteria, which shall be updated through a periodic review -RCB--LCB- shall -RCB- provide scaled - up, new and additional, -LCB- over and above -LCB- existing -RCB- ODA -RCB-, sustainable, adequate, predictable and stable financial resources, in a measurable, reportable and verifiable manner.

The current emissions reductions pledges made under the Paris Agreement by developed countries are so lacking in ambition that they will fail to drive the urgent transition that is needed.

These include a 2nd commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol (KP), and comparable mitigation actions by developed countries for non-KP parties under the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long Term Cooperative Action (AWG - LCA) and Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) from developing countries with support from means of implementation, these are finance and technology transfer.

The Prime Minister's mistake in lumping Russia (which has mandatory reduction targets under the Protocol) with China (which, as a developing country, does not) illustrates how poorly he has grasped this vital issue.7 But the contempt with which the Government appears to view the concerns of developing countries was made more transparent by Foreign Minister Alexander Downer, who declared:

But China, India, and most countries in the developing world have maintained that because the Durban Platform was adopted under the auspices of the UNFCCC, it calls only for emission reduction commitments by the industrialized countries.

Under this road map, the developed countries in the Kyoto Protocol would take on their second - period commitments that in aggregate would reach the science - based requirement of 25 - 40 per cent emissions cut (or more than 40 % as demanded by developing countries) by 2020 compared to 1990.

In the afternoon, an in - session workshop took place under the AWG - LCA to further the understanding of the diversity of NAMAs by developing countries.

Globally, coal - fired projects under development saw a steep decline between 2016 and 2017, led primarily by policies aimed at fighting air pollution in developing countries like China and India.

Choice 1: How much money do we want to spend today on reducing carbon dioxide emission without having a reasonable idea of: a) how much climate will change under business as usual, b) what the impacts of those changes will be, c) the cost of those impacts, d) how much it will cost to significantly change the future, e) whether that cost will exceed the benefits of reducing climate change, f) whether we can trust the scientists charged with developing answers to these questions, who have abandoned the ethic of telling the truth, the whole truth and nothing but, with all the doubts, caveats, ifs, ands and buts; and who instead seek lots of publicity by telling scary stories, making simplified dramatic statements and making little mention of their doubts, g) whether other countries will negate our efforts, h) the meaning of the word hubris, when we think we are wise enough to predict what society will need a half - century or more in the future?

In summary, a strong case can be made that the US emissions reduction commitment for 2025 of 26 % to 28 % clearly fails to pass minimum ethical scrutiny when one considers: (a) the 2007 IPCC report on which the US likely relied upon to establish a 80 % reduction target by 2050 also called for 25 % to 40 % reduction by developed countries by 2020, and (b) although reasonable people may disagree with what «equity» means under the UNFCCC, the US commitments can't be reconciled with any reasonable interpretation of what «equity» requires, (c) the United States has expressly acknowledged that its commitments are based upon what can be achieved under existing US law not on what is required of it as a mater of justice, (d) it is clear that more ambitious US commitments have been blocked by arguments that alleged unacceptable costs to the US economy, arguments which have ignored US responsibilities to those most vulnerable to climate change, and (e) it is virtually certain that the US commitments can not be construed to be a fair allocation of the remaining carbon budget that is available for the entire world to limit warming to 2 °C.

If that is the case, the additional carbon dioxide being emitted by China, India and other developing countries could bring a major additional benefit: helping to protect wildlife habitats, enhance oceanic biota and preserve crop yields under sub-optimal climatic conditions.»

Under the less stringent concentration target, there is much greater flexibility for offsetting delayed emissions reductions in developing countries through greater abatement by all countries later in the century.

One of the measures agreed under the Kyoto Protocol was the Clean Development Mechanism, which allowed western countries to offset their emissions by buying emission reduction credits (CERS) from the developing world.

However, under a more moderate stabilization target there is much greater flexibility to offset delayed participation by developing countries through greater abatement in wealthy countries and through more global abatement in the latter part of the century.

Compared with the globally efficient policy (with a globally harmonized emissions price at all times), near - term emissions prices in developed countries rise from between a few percent and 100 percent under the different scenarios, and discounted global abatement costs are higher by about 10 to 70 percent.

Under the Cancun agreements developing countries agreed to take «Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs), supported by technology and finance, «aimed at achieving a deviation in emissions relative to «business as usual» emissions in 2020.

The report, by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) with support from the Italian Government, uses data collected from interviews and surveys with National Ozone Units, a special Africa workshop held in June, and UNIDO's long standing experience from more than 1,000 projects in developing countries under the Montreal Protocol regime.

The fund will be run by the U.N. — not the World Bank — under the supervision of a board with «equal representation» from developed and developing countries.

The Chair's negotiating text was blank under several important headings, and was roundly criticized and eventually rejected by developing countries.

In a bid to defuse political objections from poor countries, their study also proposes a way of adjusting the formula for emission targets so developing world nations aren't penalized for allowing fossil fuel consumption by the 2 billion people who barely generate any emissions — or roughly under 1 ton of CO2 per year.

For example, we know that we want to see a second commitment period under the Kyoto Protocol and a firm agreement by the developed countries to deliver on finance in order to help the developing world strengthen their mitigation efforts.

There are currently three international financing sources for adaptation, all administered by the GEF: the Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF), the Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF), and the Piloting an Operational Approach to Adaptation (SPA) under the GEF trust fund.

Irrigation is the single largest use of fresh water by humans, especially in the developing world: India has more land under irrigation than any other country.

In addition to providing guidance to the GEF, Parties have established four special funds: the Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF), the Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF), both managed by the GEF, and the GCF under the Convention; and the Adaptation Fund (AF) under the Kyoto Protocol.

Among those issues is the lack of solid commitments by Developed countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions under a second Kyoto commitment period with comparable efforts by non-party Developed countries such as the US under the Convention.

Rules agreed a meeting of fund's board described by Friends of the Earth as «like a torture convention that does not forbid torture» The UN fund to help developing countries fight climate change can be spent on coal - fired power plants — the most polluting form of electricity generation — under rules agreed at a board meeting.

While developed countries may appear progressive by asking for a mandate to negotiate a new legally binding treaty, the truth is that this is nothing but a veiled attempt to kill the Kyoto Protocol and escape from their further mitigation obligations under the already existing mandate in the Protocol itself, and the agreement in 2005 for negotiating further emission cuts.

This directly goes against the principles of the UNFCCC and is outlined in Article 4 (7): «The extent to which developing country Parties will effectively implement their commitments under the Convention will depend on the effective implementation by developed country Parties of their commitments under the Convention related to financial resources and transfer of technology and will take fully into account that economic and social development and poverty eradication are the first and overriding priorities of the developing country Parties.»

«Specifically we're advocating an approach under which countries — both developed and developing — will put forth nationally determined mitigation commitments, followed by a transparent consultative process that will give other countries and civil society the opportunity to analyse and comment upon such commitments.»

If we don't have a decision under the COP and continue these issues under the Subsidiary Bodies of the Convention (as proposed by developing countries) they will be forgotten and followed with very slow implementation, these issues need the status to be prioritized, otherwise we will be locked in to 8 more years of inaction.