Sentences with phrase «by differences in»

«It's not to say cognitive ability doesn't play a role, but much of the gaps are caused by differences in parenting practices.»

Areas with leaks will be visible in the pictures by differences in color density.

This may be explained by differences in sample characteristics like differences in age and sexual orientation or cultural differences between Northern European countries such as the Netherlands and other Western countries (van den Brink et al., 2013).

Using a developmental perspective, Evans and Seaman (2000) proposed that individual differences in self - complexity could be explained by differences in maturity of defense mechanisms.

Multilevel modeling was employed to test the hypothesis that the association between maternal acculturation and adolescents» conduct problems could be explained by differences in mothers» reliance on monitoring and harsh discipline.

Structural Equation Modelling was used to test whether the link between attachment to parents and the use of particular coping strategies is mediated by differences in emotion regulation mechanisms.

This inconsistency in findings might be explained by the differences in the study population, study design, stability of internalizing traits in our population, or differences between parenting practices in different cultures.

For example, compared to older mothers, teen mothers display lower levels of verbal stimulation and involvement, higher levels of intrusiveness, and maternal speech that is less varied and complex.47, 48 Mothers with fewer years of education read to their children less frequently25, 49 and demonstrate less sophisticated language and literacy skills themselves, 50 which affects the quantity and quality of their verbal interactions with their children.2 Parental education, in turn, relates to household income: poverty and persistent poverty are strongly associated with less stimulating home environments, 51 and parents living in poverty have children who are at risk for cognitive, academic, and social - emotional difficulties.52, 53 Finally, Hispanic and African American mothers are, on average, less likely to read to their children than White, non-Hispanic mothers; 54 and Spanish - speaking Hispanic families have fewer children's books available in the home as compared to their non-Hispanic counterparts.25 These racial and ethnic findings are likely explained by differences in family resources across groups, as minority status is often associated with various social - demographic risks.

Given that their sample was recruited from the United Kingdom and ours from the United States, this discrepancy might be explained by differences in sample characteristics (e.g., ethnicity, relationship status) or cultural differences in attachment styles (Del Giudice, 2011; Schmitt et al., 2004).

However, much of the difference by family type is accounted for by differences in the extent to which a grandparent lives with the child.

From the purely demographic perspective, progression to parity 2 is critical because differences in fertility across developed countries are largely driven by differences in the probability of having a second child (Van Bavel and Różańska - Putek 2010).

The aim of this chapter is to investigate if there are associations between salivary cortisol and somatic disease in terms of cardiovascular disease (CVD), rheumatoid arthritis, cancer and pain, and whether divergent results can be explained by differences in the theoretic assumptions made and methods used.

The current review argues that individual differences in vulnerability to interpersonal stress could (partly) be explained by differences in relationship orientations or attachment styles (see also Pines 2004).

It also examined the variations in time required by differences in the characteristics or requirements of individual needs and circumstances of children and young people in out - of - home care with Community Services.

As in the previous section, to estimate how much of the relationship between family adversity and health behaviour inequalities is explained by differences in parenting, children with any level of family adversity greater than zero were compared with those who had no adversity.

Results of investigations regarding the influence of religiosity on relationship and marital satisfaction vary considerably, however the discrepancies may be at least partially accounted for by differences in measurement.

The increase for some outcomes varied, however, between ethnic groups and was accounted for by differences in maternal education.

In order to estimate how much of the relationship between family adversity and health behaviour inequalities is explained by differences in parenting, children who had no adversity were compared with children experiencing any level of adversity (more information is provided in section 2.6 of the Technical Appendix) 10.

This would suggest that some of the variations in child health and health behaviours across children with different levels of family adversity are in fact explained by differences in the parenting behaviours they experience.

We considered several alternative hypotheses, such as that the observed structural differences in the brains of children developing in poverty might have been explained by differences in early health or parental education.

Equally, ways of finding personal meaning and the relationship between Search and Presence, could be affected by cognitive orientation at individual level (Steger et al., 2008c), and by differences in social orientation across cultures at a group level respectively (Boyraz et al., 2013).

Variations in children's emotional expression may also be influenced by specific family or cultural values and by differences in children's temperaments.

However, this study did not examine whether these effects were influenced by differences in AAS.

These differences may be explained in part by differences in questionnaire administration methods (eg, personal interviews vs self administration), questionnaire content, target populations, or definitions and severity of the violence assessed; however, such differences may also reflect true variation and cultural differences in violence perpetration.1 4 Standardised methodologies for assessing intimate partner violence (IPV) may help to enhance the reliability of results obtained from such studies and aid in comparing prevalence rates from diverse settings.

Symptoms of distress, depression, anxiety and stress were significantly higher and levels of well - being were significantly lower in trainees compared with consultants, and this was not accounted for by differences in sociodemographic variables.

Parenting sense of competence was slightly lower among intervention recipients (β level, − 0.92 [95 % CI, − 1.40 to − 0.44]-RRB-, an effect driven by lower scores on the satisfaction subscale rather than by differences in self - efficacy (Table 4).

We conducted a sensitivity analysis to determine whether the observed group differences were explained by differences in pubertal development, assessed with a self - report questionnaire at the same age as physiological reactivity was assessed.

Some paraprofessionals had difficulty making good use of the visit guidelines and their supervision, 27 however, so part of the discrepancy may be explained by differences in motivation and clinical skill.

This bias lighting strip, currently discounted by 74 % on Amazon from $ 49.99 down to just $ 12.99, reduces eye - strain caused by differences in picture brightness from scene to scene in movies, shows and games, by adding a subtle backlight to your monitor or TV.

You will likely be surprised by the differences in rates between companies.

A sense of culture shock may initially be triggered by differences in social interaction, such as:

The gap in [median] compensation of male and female equity partners can not be explained by differences in billable hours, total hours, or books of business.

Action to combat fraud in the EU is still hampered by differences in rules and practices in member countries which results in differing degrees of protection.

Some of the variance is likely explained by differences in rates for area of expertise based on the patented technology being protected.

The summary conviction appeal court judge dismissed the appeals on the basis that the trial judge had jurisdiction in both matters, that the rules of procedure in both trials would essentially have been the same, and that Sciascia was not prejudiced by any differences in the applicable rules of evidence.

«Several of these differences stem from organic livestock production and are brought about by differences in production intensity, with outdoor - reared, grass - fed animals producing milk and meat that is consistently higher in desirable fatty acids such as the omega - 3s, and lower in fatty acids that can promote heart disease and other chronic diseases.»

The differences in gas resource endowments among regions are largely explained by differences in the regional distribution of supergiant gas fields.

Apologies if this has already been stated, but my view on decreased Arctic ice cover is: - 1, as Judith pointed out, when ice is at a minimum the sun is already so low in the sky that there is no noticeable change to albedo, 2 when there is ice cover warm water is kept at depth by differences in salinity, When there is open water, storms mix the haline layers bringing warm water to the surface where it can more readily radiate it's energy into outer space.

Sutton et al. (2007) explain the land — sea contrast by differences in the local latent heat releases over land and oceans, which lead to different negative feedbacks.

Actually reloooking at it, I think this is from the axes and driven by the differences in recent excursion.

Since the large range in both longwave and shortwave forcings may be caused by a variety of factors, it is useful to determine the range caused just by differences in model formulation for a given (identical) change in radiatively active species.

As for the differences in water temperatures, that can be easily be accounted for by differences in the tools used to measure water temperatures.

Whilst ts is not quite the same as tas over land and sea ice, there is little indication from a latitudinal analysis that the comparison is biased by any differences in their behaviour over land and sea ice.

This rescaling is not available when using the RCS method and the problem of bias caused by differences in the overall growth rates of trees within the same region remains.

Of course the cause of seasons on Pluto will be dominated by the differences in Perihelion (4.4 billion km) and Aphelion (7.4 billion km) instead of the tilt and geographic distribution like on the Earth.

The second is caused by the differences in the observation time and location between the satellite and radiosonde.

Convection on Earth is driven by differences in insolation, between equator and poles, and between day and night.

For a thin layer of gas in a non-isothermal cylinder, the pressure difference across that layer is produced (at a molecular level) by differences in the vertical impulse provided by the gas molecules at the top and bottom of the layer.

The variance in final caused by differences in fitted residence time relationships between models was found to be 30 % higher than that caused by differences in the fitted NPP responses when all models were considered.

Ah, but you see, heat engines and conductive thermal transport are driven by differences in temperature, not energy.