Sentences with phrase «by different alleles»

Not exact matches

They took female waterhemp plants with no resistance alleles and allowed them to be pollinated by males with resistances to five different herbicides.

Genetic recombination is the transmission - genetic process by which the combinations of alleles observed at different loci in two parental individuals become shuffled in offspring individuals.

The incidence of different traits, or alleles, in a population is driven by natural selection and genetic drift, which can randomly reduce genetic variation.

The alleles in question were found on two different haplotypes — a set of alleles inherited by an individual from a single parent — in unrelated individuals.

Because of a lack of available antibodies and the inability to distinguish amongst various mutant forms of XPD differing only by single amino acid substitutions, we were unable to ascertain the relative amount of XPD protein from the different alleles.

We report a variety of biallelic effects on organismal phenotype attributable to combinations of recessive Xpd alleles, including the following: (i) the ability of homozygous lethal Xpd alleles to ameliorate a variety of disease symptoms when their essential basal transcription function is supplied by a different disease - causing allele, (ii) differential developmental and tissue - specific functions of distinct Xpd allele products, and (iii) interallelic complementation, a phenomenon rarely reported at clinically relevant loci in mammals.

However, by examining «marker alleles,» or rare genetic differences, the researchers found that early colonizing strains are transferred from the mother, but that late colonizing strains are different and likely are acquired from the environment.

The existence of the vegetarian allele implies that, for people with this variation, straying from that diet — by eating a lot of red meat, for example — may make them more susceptible to inflammation, because their bodies were optimized for a different mix of inputs.

DNA fingerprinting analysis at 16 independent loci indicated that both iPSCs generated by lentivirus infection (iPSC colony 19) and by transient transfection with episomal vectors (iPSC colony 1) and the original human fetal NSCs (ReNCell VM) shared all alleles investigated and were different from commonly available hESC lines.

To evade the acquired immune response of the host while persisting in the blood, B. hermsii subsequently undergoes antigenic variation by expressing different alleles of the vsp / vlp gene family.

Yet each one tells a different story: (a), how novel - to - dbSNP variants were rare; (b), how nonsynonymous variant frequencies are shifted to lower values relative to those of synonymous variants, (c), how this shift in allele frequencies is more pronounced for damaging nsSNPs, consistent with natural selection, and (d), how the sizes of observed indels are enriched for non-frameshift events divisible by 3.

Immunization with different Pf AMA1 alleles in sequence induces clonal imprint humoral responses that are similar to responses induced by the same alleles as a vaccine cocktail in rabbits.

In the first decade following the year 2000, it was determined that «dominant black» (think Labrador Retrievers but also Whippets, Great Danes, and others) is produced by the newly - discovered (found) K locus, on an entirely different chromosome than where the A alleles reside.

Doing a genetic test and subsequently eliminating an individual from the breeding population may not be the best strategy, as by targeting a particular allele at one genetic locus for removal from the gene pool of a particular breed, breeders may in fact increase allele frequency of genetic variants on alternative haplotypes at the same, or a different locus, that are recessively deleterious.