Sentences with phrase «by different climate models»

While this data set is large, the authors nevertheless warn that even more climate projections by different climate models are needed to increase confidence in their result.

Not exact matches

By mapping persistent springs across the African landscape, the researchers have been able to model how our ancestors may have moved between water sources at different times and how this impacted their ability to traverse the landscape as the climate changed.

«There is a growing need for modeling activities by which we can assess the impacts of climate change in the different parts of the world,» Pachauri says.

I recently calculated hypothetical future temperatures by plugging different ECS values into a so - called energy balance model, which scientists use to investigate possible climate scenarios.

They used two different climate models, each with a different sensitivity to carbon dioxide, to project California's future under two scenarios: an optimistic one, in which we only double the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere — since the 19th century we've already increased it by about a third — and a pessimistic scenario, in which we more than triple CO2.

Then they plugged that into simulations that took into account climate models and two different carbon emissions scenarios identified by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate climate models and two different carbon emissions scenarios identified by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Climate Change.

RICE, alongside other models, is used by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to determine the potential effects of different climate policies.

Given the inverse relationship observed between their values, it has been possible to determine the additional area of vegetation needed (in this case of green roofs) necessary to reduce the temperature by the same amount as it is predicted to rise in different climate change models for Seville.

Singer and his co-author, Katerina Michaelides, addressed the problem by creating a model that enables researchers to investigate different types of climate change.

The models» results also play a significant role in the latest assessment report issued by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), where they are used to link the mitigation options described for different sectors such as buildings, transport, or energy supply.

To make mortality estimates, the researchers took temperature projections from 16 global climate models, downscaled these to Manhattan, and put them against two different backdrops: one assuming rapid global population growth and few efforts to limit emissions; the other, assuming slower growth, and technological changes that would decrease emissions by 2040.

Because the climate model already accounts for the amount of the sun's energy blocked by different types of airborne particles, it was not a stretch to estimate the particles» effects on solar energy.

To understand the role of human - induced climate change in these new records they compare simulations of the Earth's climate from nine different state - of - the - art climate models and the very large ensemble of climate simulations provided by CPDN volunteers for the weather@home ANZ experiments for the world with and without human - induced climate change.

However, learning to predict possible climate outcomes on the basis of both observed and modeled behavior of the different factors that make up the ocean ecosystem is by no means straightforward.

Now, scientists at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Caltech and Lancaster University have established a technique using climate models to compare the factors to the effects they have on climate change by peering into climate models from a different angle.

Methods: To understand the effects of economic forces from climate policy on terrestrial carbon and land use changes, the researchers used the MiniCAM, an integrated assessment model developed by the PNNL team over the last two decades, to compare different scenarios.

To determine the temperature of different portions of the atmosphere, Santer and his colleagues sampled the output of global climate models at specific areas of the atmosphere where temperature is currently measured by satellites.

The recent paper by Kate Marvel and others (including me) in Nature Climate Change looks at the different forcings and their climate responses over the historical period in more detail than any previous modelingClimate Change looks at the different forcings and their climate responses over the historical period in more detail than any previous modelingclimate responses over the historical period in more detail than any previous modeling study.

AND, models are pretty consistent that by the latter part of this century we will be living in a climate very different from that in which polar bears (and humans) have flourished.

Some of them are optimal fingerprint detection studies (estimating the magnitude of fingerprints for different external forcing factors in observations, and determining how likely such patterns could have occurred in observations by chance, and how likely they could be confused with climate response to other influences, using a statistically optimal metric), some of them use simpler methods, such as comparisons between data and climate model simulations with and without greenhouse gas increases / anthropogenic forcing, and some are even based only on observations.

While RealClimate has called into question the soundness of the paper's quite narrow conclusions of discrepancy between model predictions and measurements of the relative rate of warming of different levels of the atmosphere over the tropics, this paper is being touted by the deniers as showing that the models are wrong to predict any warming at all, and that predictions of future warming and climate change can be entirely discounted.

So the question is, what range of predictions can we get out of climate models by tweaking them in different ways so that they still match observations.

We employed two different climate model simulations: (1) the simulation of the NCAR CSM 1.4 coupled atmosphere - ocean General Circulation Model (GCM) analyzed by Ammann et al (2007) and (2) simulations of a simple Energy Balance Model (model simulations: (1) the simulation of the NCAR CSM 1.4 coupled atmosphere - ocean General Circulation Model (GCM) analyzed by Ammann et al (2007) and (2) simulations of a simple Energy Balance Model (Model (GCM) analyzed by Ammann et al (2007) and (2) simulations of a simple Energy Balance Model (Model (EBM).

Tactically it would be better to accept the obvious — if SC24 and SC25 are fizzles, the climate models won't be «right» again until whatever solar cycle related cooling is made up for by CO2 related warming — than to engage in a different form of denial.

According to that chart of actual satellite and surface temperature observations vs. what was predicted by 90 different climate models, 95 percent of models overestimated... C3: Climate Model — Charts / Graphs C3 Headlines» climate - model - chartclimate models, 95 percent of models overestimated... C3: Climate Model — Charts / Graphs C3 Headlines» climate - model - chartClimate Model — Charts / Graphs C3 Headlines» climate - model - chartsgModel — Charts / Graphs C3 Headlines» climate - model - chartclimate - model - chartsgmodel - chartsgraphs

One vegetation model (MOSES - TRIFFID) forced by 22 different climate models.

So, people do care when you are opposed to their point of view, it seems, so it is quite useful to show that I work with some of the top UK climate scientists (via Tyndall), that I am involve in climate policy modelling (and climate modelling via CIAS), so I don't get any patronising comments by anonymous people who claim I should be quiet because they «read the science» while I must be a PR guy if I want to engage with people with a different opinion to myself.

Attribution analyses normally directly account for errors in the magnitude of the model's pattern of response to different forcings by the inclusion of factors that scale the model responses up or down to best match observed climate changes.

While I am no scientist, this reluctance to agree to what a null hypothesis should be for AGW / CAGW is to me no different from the defense of climate models by claiming they do not need to be validated, or claims that peer review of the published literature does not need to ensure the correctness of the article being published.

Other recent assessments using the FAO / IIASA Agro-Ecological Zones model (AEZ) in conjunction with IIASA's world food system or Basic Linked System (BSL), as well as climate variables from five different GCMs under four SRES emissions scenarios, show further agricultural impacts such as changes in agricultural potential by the 2080s (Fischer et al., 2005).

This distribution, known as the equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) distribution, statistically models the probability of different temperature increases caused by a doubling of CO2 emissions.

Instead what is needed is an entirely different approach so far used by only a few researchers that does not attempt to build models of coupled, non-linear chaotic systems such as climate.

However, our new statistical estimate of unforced variability is not radically different from that simulated by climate models and for the most part we find that climate models seem to get the «big picture» correct.

I was told by one semi-expert climate scientist (someone who was in the process of changing fields to climate science from a different numerical modeling field, as so possibly still catching up) that although globally aerosols played the most important role in this period, there was also around the same time period (maybe beginning slightly earlier?

Specifically, when he looked at the climate models used by the IPCC, Kiehl found they all used very different assumptions for aerosol cooling and, most significantly, he found that each of these varying assumptions were exactly what was required to combine with that model's unique sensitivity assumptions to reproduce historical temperatures.

Incorporation of information typically used as input assumptions by integrated assessment models of the global energy - economy - land use system, or by global - scale climate impact models of different sectors.

These are among several possibilities that scientists from all over the world grapple with as they attempt to develop a regional climate model for Sunderbans that can predict different scenarios at a time when the mangrove delta is being battered by cyclones and getting inundated due to sea - level rise.

The difference in the climatological mean June - July - August ocean heat content as measured by the depth of the 20 °C isotherm (in meters) overlaid with corresponding differences in ocean heat transport vectors (W / m) between two numerical climate models with slightly different bathymetries.

Carbon budgets have been estimated by a number of different methods, including complex ESMs (shown in yellow), simple climate models employed by Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs, shown in red), and by using observational data on emissions and warming through present to «constrain» the ESM results (shown in models employed by Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs, shown in red), and by using observational data on emissions and warming through present to «constrain» the ESM results (shown in Models (IAMs, shown in red), and by using observational data on emissions and warming through present to «constrain» the ESM results (shown in blue).

Ensembles made with the same model but different initial conditions only characterize the uncertainty associated with internal climate variability, whereas multi-model ensembles including simulations by several models also include the impact of model differences.

Climate projections have been remarkably difficult to constrain by comparing the simulated climatological state from different models with observations, in particular for small ensembles with structurally different models.

This model took into account the different atmospheric lifetimes of different greenhouse gases and the different radiative forcings of each gas, and also considered delays in the climate system caused primarily by the thermal inertia of the ocean.

Climate modelling has a different problem: based on forecast and projection, it is by definition an inexact science, but one upon which concrete decisions must be based if governments and societies are to assess risks and plan ahead.

I recently calculated hypothetical future temperatures by plugging different ECS values into a so - called energy balance model, which scientists use to investigate possible climate scenarios.

Change in average annual runoff by the 2050s under the SRES A2 emissions scenario and different climate models (Arnell, 2003a).

The Americans — who published their findings on Sunday in Nature Climate Change — ran two different climate models, CAM3.5 and HadCM3L — the one devised by the US National Center for Atmospheric Research and the other by the UK Met Office's Hadley Centre and simulated a doubling of atmospheric CO2 concentrations, temperature - compensating stratospheric solar radiation management (SRM) geoengineering — and compared precipitation cClimate Change — ran two different climate models, CAM3.5 and HadCM3L — the one devised by the US National Center for Atmospheric Research and the other by the UK Met Office's Hadley Centre and simulated a doubling of atmospheric CO2 concentrations, temperature - compensating stratospheric solar radiation management (SRM) geoengineering — and compared precipitation cclimate models, CAM3.5 and HadCM3L — the one devised by the US National Center for Atmospheric Research and the other by the UK Met Office's Hadley Centre and simulated a doubling of atmospheric CO2 concentrations, temperature - compensating stratospheric solar radiation management (SRM) geoengineering — and compared precipitation changes.

In particular, two commonly used methods for converting cumulus condensate into precipitation can lead to drastically different climate sensitivity, as estimated here with an atmosphere — land model by increasing sea surface temperatures uniformly and examining the response in the top - of - atmosphere energy balance.

I guess you're saying there shouldn't be??? Anyway, according to the version of the greenhouse effect theory used by the climate models, the greenhouse gases should be altering this natural temperature profile by changing the rates of «infrared cooling» from different altitudes.

In our climate modeling project we were trying to combine different temperature forecasts on a scale in which Africa was represented by about 600 grid boxes.

To test the climate models under these very different environmental conditions, scientists test the models by simulating past climates.