Sentences with phrase «by different type of cells»
Nevertheless, despite the importance of carbohydrates in biology and the vast array of literature on functionalized nanomaterials, little is known about the effects of carbohydrates on the uptake and toxicity of nanoparticles by different type of cells.
https://jnanobiotechnology.biomedcentral.com/ Not exact matches
From that bag of chemicals, an entire life form with scores of different types of cells forms, all by chemistry.
Our powers of color vision derive from cells in our eyes called cones, three types in all, each triggered by different wavelengths of light.
By administering a complementary antibody, they blocked the function of two such immune checkpoints, whereby different types of endogenous T - cells were activated.
The functions of the hippocampus are based on different cell types, some of which are generated throughout life by neural stem cells.
«Just as normal cells with the same genome differentiate into many different cell types, a single tumor characterized by specific genetic mutations can contain many different types of cells — stem - like and more differentiated cells — with the difference being rooted in their epigenetic information.
«By observing entorhinal - hippocampal neurons based on their birthdate, we realized that these cells were somehow special and very different from the other surrounding cell types, which was instrumental to find out how and to what extent they influenced the assembly of the network.»
It was thought that different layers of neurons are generated in successive waves by a single type of stem cell.
These conditions are distinguished by the different types of brain nerve cells that are first affected and by the symptoms that first appear.
«We want to start looking system by system to see how widely acting this process is on different types of cells,» he says.
One way to get many types of cells or proteins from the same genetic starting material is by mixing and matching different parts of one gene to produce multiple gene readouts, a phenomenon known as alternative splicing.
In order to isolate the 3D structure of the chromosome during metaphase, the authors used a combination of chromosome conformation capture technologies (3C, 5C and Hi - C) developed by the Dekker lab over the last decade to map the points of contact along the mitotic chromosome in different cell types synchronized to divide at the same time.
By tweaking different fly genes and counting how many neuron types were produced as the flies matured, the team identified a network of five genes that work together like coordinated control switches to guide the precursor cells» transformation to mature neurons.
«This is a major breakthrough and a beautiful example of convergent evolution where vertebrates at least five times have independently evolved» this ability «by modifying different cell types to serve the same function.»
Today, a team of scientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) led by Professor Partha Mitra describes a new mathematical model that combines large data sets to predict where different types of cells are located within the brain, based on their molecular identity.
By programming cells to produce different types of curli fibers under certain conditions, the researchers were able to control the biofilms» properties and create gold nanowires, conducting biofilms, and films studded with quantum dots, or tiny crystals that exhibit quantum mechanical properties.
Now a UC Santa Barbara researcher has added to that body of knowledge by determining how stem cells produce different types of «daughter» cells in Drosophila (fruit flies).
«This tells you that all the different types of stromal cells in breast tissue are affected by the GT198 mutation because they all come from a common progenitor cell.»
A research group led by Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine Ph.D. student KATSUNUMA Sayaka and Assistant Professor TOGASHI Hideru discovered the mechanism for a mosaic pattern formation of two different cell types.
By placing different types of cells at various distances from the bubbles, researchers can begin to explore the details of how cells respond.
The researchers also note that more investigation is needed to fully understand all the mechanisms by which HOXC10 mediates cell proliferation and death, and the roles it may play in different types of tumors.
Understanding which cytokines are best for monitoring inflammation and immunosuppression, and knowing which are secreted by different immune cell types at each stage of maturation and activation, will provide essential insights into disease treatment options.
The CNIO researchers show that cell defects caused by the inhibition of Cdh1 are independent of the presence of the p53 molecule, which is mutated in different types of tumours.
Surprisingly, they found that although the patterns of gene expression — as shown by the RNA sequencing — differed between the hepatocellular carcinomas and the liver cancers with biliary phenotype and depended on the histological type, the overall pattern of mutations in the cells was actually similar between the tumors — of either type — that had emerged in patients who had had infections with either hepatitis C or B, and were different in patients without such infections.
«Although right now we are focusing on developing a cancer vaccine, in the future we could be able to manipulate which type of dendritic cells or other types of immune cells are recruited to the 3D scaffold by using different kinds of cytokines released from the MSRs,» said co-lead author Aileen Li, a graduate student pursuing her Ph.D. in bioengineering at Harvard SEAS.
«Our next step is to find out more about how we can vary the size of the embryoid body by changing the printing and structural parameters, and how varying the embryoid body size leads to «manufacture» of different cell types» adds Rui Yao, another author on the paper.
The researchers were also able to control the relative composition of different hormonal cell types simply by exposing human pluripotent stem cells to different ratios of two proteins: fibroblast growth factor 8 and bone morphogenetic protein 2.
To monitor the behaviour of the different cell types, the heart muscle cells were furthermore altered by genetic engineering in such a way that cells from the atrium and the ventricle lit up differently.
Exosomes are surrounded by bits of cell membrane and filled with proteins and different types of the genetic material RNA.
By seeding elements with an assortment of antibodies, the device could be set up to capture several different cancer cells types using a single blood sample.
Once the intruder has been bound by the BCR, the B cell is activated and, together with other immune cells, can fight off a range of different types of pathogens.
«By labelling the different types of cells in the embryos of skate, we were able to trace their fates.
Hsp90 inhibitors are among several innovative new types of treatment designed to attack cancer indirectly, by destabilising multiple different proteins required for the growth and survival of cancer cells.
«We think that its partner in this case, mGluR5, may also play a role of previously unrecognized breadth, acting within many different types of cells to intensify signals, such as those transmitted by GABA, glutamate, or other neurotransmitters,» Kim adds.
Varvel was working with mice in which two different types of cells are marked by fluorescent proteins.
A research team, led by Chao Cheng, Ph.D., Assistant Professor in the Department of Genetics at The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, used gene expression data from breast cancer patients to computationally infer the presence of different types of immune cells.
Because most immune cells typically can't get into the brain, microglia are adapted to perform multiple functions that are normally handled by several different types of immune cells.
Although, Hedrick and Linden target different cell types, innovations by both groups could encourage clinical tests of drugs designed to switch on a patient's immune cells by eradicating secondary lung malignancies.
These are special types of proteins that control the process by which blood - forming stem cells differentiate into different types of blood cells.
The SDF - 1 / CXCR4 interaction stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of CXCR4, followed by the activation of multiple G protein - dependent signaling pathways, which may be different among cell types.
Hematopoiesis is the process by which the different types of blood cells are generated in the body (the term literally means «to make blood»).
Yours truly generated the DHS data set by starting with all of the DHS sites from 125 different human cell types from the ENCODE Project.
«The second aim of the study was to see whether pancreatic insulin and enzyme secretions are controlled by different types of vagal motoneurons — the cells of the nervous system that control motor functions of the pancreas through the vagus nerve.»
Cellular senescence is often fueled by nuclear DNA damage followed by chronic DDR activation; telomere shortening, mitogenic oncogenes, or intrinsic DNA damage can lead to different types of senescence limiting the replicative lifespan of cells.
They do this by using a huge army of defender cells which consist of different types of white blood cell.
The authors refer to their hypothesis as differential partitioning - environmental buffering, and suggest that partitioning cells into different fates according to prevailing conditions could be a strategy used by many other types of cell coalitions — whether microbial communities, humans, trees, or jellyfish.
They will focus on how those genes, from different parts of chromosomes, work together to determine what type of heart cells will be made, and how these mechanisms are disrupted by gene mutations that cause congenital heart defects.
The Society believes that research involving the transfer of a human nucleus into an animal egg will lead to important new knowledge about cell nuclear replacement (CNR) technology and, if it were to prove possible to produce embryonic stem cells by this route, would increase understanding of how to programme these cells to develop into different tissue types.
To develop the methodology, the group analyzed the molecular profiles of human embryonic stem cells and compared them with data for 12,000 samples of 33 different tumor types held by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), a U.S. public database.
«The Notch pathway has been implicated in a number of malignancies, with different roles that are cell and tissue - type dependent,» wrote researchers led by Silvia Licciulli, PhD, of the Scripps Research Institute in Jupiter, Florida.