Sentences with phrase «by epigenetic»

It is now well - established that DNA sequence is complemented by epigenetic information including DNA methylation and histone modifications to program gene expression [24].

Furthermore, animal studies suggest that harsh parenting affects the expression of genes by epigenetic processes.

In the rat, these effects are reversed by cross-fostering, demonstrating that they are defined by epigenetic rather than genetic processes.

Finally, behaviours of offspring may be influenced by epigenetic mechanisms.

Many phytochemicals can reactivate tumor suppressor genes silenced by epigenetic modifications.

Much of this interplay may be moderated by epigenetic changes.

The difference in eye colour is determined by epigenetic factors.

The causes of the widespread differential expression of non-coding RNAs in malignant compared with normal cells can be explained by the location of these genes in cancer - associated genomic regions, by epigenetic mechanisms and by alterations in the processing machinery.

New research led by the University of Bristol has found that genes in the brain that play a crucial role in behavioural adaptation to stressful challenges are controlled by epigenetic mechanisms.

The article claimed the phenomenon was primarily driven by epigenetic modification of chromatin.

Determining how ES cell genes are modified by these epigenetic markers may explain these cells» unique characteristics, said the scientists, who are based at the Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS) and the Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), both under the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A * STAR), as well as at the National University of Singapore (NUS).

Especially in this vulnerable phase, the kidney is prone to a number of mechanistic changes driven by epigenetic alterations.

During the multistep process of carcinogenesis, decreased expression of tumor suppressors is often caused by epigenetic modification or abnormal degradation (48, 49).

This happens by epigenetic silencing of the other copy, where specific marks on the DNA carry a memory of whether a gene sitting on a copy of a chromosome came from the sperm or the egg.

The majority of that specialization is governed by epigenetic changes — histone modifications, DNA accessibility, and methylation — that influence when and how genes are expressed.

In these cases, it looks like the genes are being silenced at inappropriate times by epigenetic changes.

In animal models, maternal diet alters offspring body composition, accompanied by epigenetic changes in metabolic control genes.

Gene expression is regulated by epigenetic chemical modifications (including methylation and acetylation) on chromatin — histone proteins tightly associated with DNA.

«Cancer - killing cells controlled by epigenetic process.»

Instead, viruses mute the immune system by epigenetic regulation — instead of changing the actual code of genes, viruses change the degree to which genes are expressed.

The readability of genes is controlled by epigenetic factors, namely factors which do not influence the gene sequence directly, but rather cause certain genes and chromosomal segments to be packed in different densities — and thus make them accessible for reading.

The findings uncovered an adaptation pathway comprising the normally antagonizing molecules FOXOs and c - Myc, which are regulated by epigenetic compounds.

It thereby limited gene repression by epigenetic histone methylation.

Instead, AP2 - G can be activated by epigenetic mechanisms providing a plausible explanation for how low - level sexual conversion is triggered,» says Cortés.

«There's an intrinsic process that drives aging, and that may be what's captured by this epigenetic clock.»

«Our results therefore indicate that the increased disease risk associated with smoking is partly a caused by epigenetic changes.

Later in life the genetic material can be changed by epigenetic modifications, i.e. chemical alterations of the DNA the affect the activity of the genes.

The researchers identified a surveillance mechanism that not only monitors DNA lesions caused by epigenetic reprogramming but also fixes the damage.

As further analyses of the scientists have shown, the DPP4 gene in human liver is regulated by epigenetic changes just as in mice.

The two - step process of TILT — getting sick upon toxicant exposure and failing to get well — may be driven by epigenetic changes, which occur when the environment alters the expression of genes without changing the core DNA code itself.

This led Pembrey to suspect that genes on the sex - specific X and Y chromosomes were being affected by epigenetic signals.

Gene expression is regulated by epigenetics — patterns of chemical signals that are «above» the gene sequence.

A reverse situation can also happen; sometimes genes can be abnormally turned on by epigenetics, causing uncontrollable cell growth and the appearance of a tumor.

Given that low maternal sensitivity and anxiety are interrelated, the association with childhood AD may be similarly mediated by epigenetics or neuroendocrine dysregulation [88, 104, 110], and altered infant cytokine profiles [111].

Not exact matches

Just as the flow of a stream is determined by a specific landscape, so it seems that the growth and development of the proteins follow an «epigenetic landscape» which is extraneous to the physico - chemical forces that energize the growth process.8 And just as the geographical landscape is extraneous to the flow of water by the power of gravitation, so the epigenetic landscape is extraneous to the «flow» of energized matter operating by physico - chemical forces in the organism's epigenesis.

The same may be true for epigenetic changes passed down by dad to a female fetus.

Epigenetics are heritable changes caused by factors other than DNA.

The hypothesis could be tested by examining epigenetic marks in parents of kids with gay versus straight offspring, Rice said.

Embryonic stem cells are produced during development by the same process of epigenetic programming that later will produce adult cells such as skin and brain.

Indeed, the ability to clone animals, such as Dolly the sheep, by fusion of an adult cell to an enucleated oocyte demonstrates that the epigenetic programming responsible for maintaining an adult cell in a stable state can be erased by factors present in the cytoplasm of the oocyte.

If you postulate that life and mind were brand new principles which began to appear at some time and were not at all present earlier, you have an epigenetic evolutionary view; if, by contrast, you find the rudiments present in all nature universally, this is a preformistic view.

Epigenetics is a big word but it simply means the process by which your genes are turned on or off (aka expressed) in good or bad ways.

Michael Meaney provided the first documented example of epigenetics affecting behavior in 2004, when his research team found that how a rat responds to stress later in life is affected by the amount of nurturing a mother rat provides during infancy.

Epigenetics provides evidence that the nature versus nurture controversy has been resolved and that each is shaped by the other through a series of complex chemical, biological and environmental interactions.

«MicroRNAs are an epigenetic material that is made by our bodies and is not present in formula.

Thirdly, most scientists now agree that socialization does impact on biology — as suggested by theories of epigenetic and brain plasticity.

It will bring together expert social, biological and medical scientists to take forward thinking and explore the opportunities for promoting co-operation and collaboration between scientists and social scientists in the field of epigenetics The symposium is being organised by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) with support from the Genomics Forum, and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC).

Vaz and Baylin say the results suggest that early epigenetic changes triggered by chronic cigarette smoke exposure can build up over time and make the airway cells increasingly sensitive to responding to mutations that initiate cancer.

The field of cancer epigenetics was recently transformed by the finding that genes encoding for epigenetic regulators are among the most commonly mutated genes in human cancers.

It is believed to have an epigenetic function, regulating other genes by switching them off when necessary.