Sentences with phrase «by epigenome»

Measured by his epigenome, not his genome, the schizophrenic brother appeared more closely related to other schizophrenia patients than to his own twin brother.

«We note that there are two subgroups of breast tumors by epigenome: one which we have called Epi - Basal, characterized by loss of epigenetic marks causing breakage of chromosomes and the other that we have called Epi - Luminal B, that presents epigenetic inactivation of genes that should protect us from cancer and these altered cells can no longer do it.»

Biologists now know that the genome sequence holds only a small part of the answer, and that key elements of development and disease are controlled by the epigenome — a set of chemical modifications, not encoded in DNA, that orchestrate how and when genes are expressed.

Influenced further by epigenomes, these changes are linked with impairment in the child's ability to respond to future biological and environmental stress, and increase the risk for physical and mental health disease later in life.49 - 52 This emerging research underscores the need to develop and test prevention and early, aggressive intervention strategies for children who have been victims of serious physical abuse.

Not exact matches

Furthermore, interactions between the environment and the epigenome may provide mechanistic insight into many toxicological phenomena that are not well - understood, such as non-genotoxic carcinogenesis, age - based windows of susceptibility, developmental reprogramming by early life exposures, and trans - generational exposure effects.

Although identical twins have the same genes as each other, their epigenomes — the collection of methyl marks studding their DNA — are different by the time they reach adulthood due in part to environmental factors.

«We now need to identify how this effect is pass through multiple generations by investigating the effects alcohol has on the genome and epigenome (molecules that control gene translation),» said Cameron.

Our study shows that after that early programming state, after weaning, and after the lactation period, when we introduced a new type of diet it changed the epigenome in a way that actually affects metabolism and potentially will reduce some of the damage caused by an early - life high - fat exposure,» Pan says.

Aware that cancers rewire their metabolism in ways that could change the epigenome and that distant metastases in pancreatic cancer naturally spread to organs fed by a sugar - rich blood supply, the researchers wondered if the tumor cells had altered the way they use the basic form of sugar, glucose.

Today, an article published in Cell by Manel Esteller, director of the Epigenetics and Cancer Biology Program of the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), ICREA researcher and Professor of Genetics at the University of Barcelona, describes the possible existence of a sixth DNA base, the methyl - adenine (mA), which also help determine the epigenome and would therefore be key in the life of the cells.

«By establishing this Chinese famine cohort of families, we hope to conduct a much more comprehensive and in - depth assessment of the whole genome and epigenome along with metabolic biomarkers of these participants moving forward.»

«By studying the epigenome, we also identified new pathways and molecular dependencies not apparent in previous gene expression and mutational studies,» Northcott said.

Associate Professor Watanabe is researching new diagnostics by studying the epigenome of identical twins.

Then, by comparing this ancient epigenome with that of modern humans, they identified genes whose activity had changed only in our own species during our most recent evolution.

Partitioning of the maize epigenome by the number of methyl groups on histone H3 lysines 9 and 27.

Researchers at the University of California - San Francisco's Multiple Sclerosis Research Group conducted one of the most comprehensive examinations to date of the genome, and even part of the epigenome, of a set of identical twins, only one of whom had been stricken with MS. Scientists are sure MS is caused by some combination of genetic susceptibility and external trigger.

The epigenome functions like a set of switches for regulating gene expression and can be altered by environmental conditions.

In a pioneering study, he applied these tools to a genome - wide study of disease - related changes in the epigenome — the layer atop the genome that controls gene activity and is altered by the environment — of immune cells isolated from patients with asthma.

Several medications that work by altering the epigenome are already in use.

I study this secondary genetic code - the epigenome - and how it is guided by small mobile RNAs in plants and fission yeast.

The epigenome — defined by an ever - expanding list of modifications to DNA and the proteins that interact with it — determines which genes are dialed up or down and gives each cell type its unique personality.

Regarding the child, the importance of the intrauterine and early postnatal environments for metabolic programming and modifications of the epigenome is increasingly recognised, 12 — 14 particularly for metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes.15 Thus, GDM is related to macrosomia at birth (> 4 kg), to excess body fat and (central) obesity and to insulin secretion in infants and children, the obesity being in part mediated by maternal body mass index (BMI) or birth weight.16 — 23 Intrauterine exposure to GDM also doubles the risk for subsequent type 2 diabetes in offspring compared with offspring of mothers with a high genetic predisposition for type 2 diabetes, but with normal glucose tolerance during the index pregnancy.24 Maternal prepregnancy overweight and excessive gestational weight gain also predict high birth weight and adiposity during infancy.12 25 This is highly relevant, as up to 60 % — 70 % of women with GDM are overweight or obese before pregnancy.26 Finally, maternal lifestyle behaviour such as a high fat diet or lack of physical activity during pregnancy can influence offspring adiposity independent of maternal obesity.12 27