Sentences with phrase «by epithelial»

Dog's urine normally contains a trace amount of protein in the urine, as proteins are blocked by the glomerulus, the part of the kidney that filters waste products, or pass through the glomerulus and then reabsorbed by renal tubes or broken down by the epithelial cells of the renal tubes.

But it does exist and has been studied for some time: «The blood - brain barrier (BBB) is formed by epithelial - like high resistance tight junctions within the endothelium of capillaries perfusing the vertebrate brain.»

The microorganism can feed on mucins that are secreted by the epithelial cells).

Calcitonin Gene - Related Peptide Enhances the Expression of Signaling Molecules of the Wnt 7b / Beta - Catenin Pathway in Rat Type II Alveolar Epithelial Cells Under Hyperoxia Hyperoxic lung injury is characterized by epithelial cell death and leukocyte infiltration / inflammation in the lung.

Hyperoxic lung injury is characterized by epithelial cell death and leukocyte infiltration / inflammation in the lung.

This suggests that Vanin - 1 expressed by epithelial cells exerts a control on immune responses.

Uromodulin (or Tamm - Horsfall protein) is the most abundant protein in normal urine, specifically produced in the kidney by epithelial cells of the thick ascending limb (TAL) of Henle's loop.

Active eosinophilic esophagitis is characterized by epithelial barrier defects and eosinophil extracellular trap formation Simon D et al..

Normal breast tissue showed acini lined by epithelial cells resting on an intact myoepithelial cell layer (Figure 1A).

Background: Hyperoxic lung injury is characterized by epithelial cell death and leukocyte infiltration / inflammation in the lung.

In contrast, MAIT cells were not activated by epithelial cells infected by Salmonella enterica Typhimurium.

Matthews» laboratory research, with long - term support from the National Institutes of Health, focuses on the fundamental mechanisms used by epithelial tissues to regulate salt secretion — which goes awry in several diseases, including cystic fibrosis and many forms of diarrhea.

The team's findings may also be relevant to inflammatory disorders that affect other parts of the body, such as the linings of the gut and bowel, which, like the skin, are replenished by epithelial stem cells.

But Raz and colleagues have found that TPRV1 is also expressed by epithelial cells of the intestines, where it is activated by epidermal growth factor receptor or EGFR.

These growth modulators are produced either by the epithelial cells of the mammary gland or by activated macrophages, lymphocytes (mainly T cells), or neutrophils in the milk.

Not exact matches

As lipid droplets exit the mammary epithelial cell, they are enveloped by cell membrane and secreted into milk as membrane - bound globules of fat.

Stage I lactogenesis, or secretory initiation, occurs during pregnancy and is defined by the differentiation of mammary alveolar epithelial cells into specialized secretory cells, termed lactocytes (1).

Their new insights are described in a paper titled «Multiple mechanisms drive calcium signal dynamics around laser induced epithelial wounds» published Oct. 3 by the Biophysical Journal.

«Chronic inflammation of the intestine is thought to be caused by abnormal interactions between gut microbes, intestinal epithelial cells and the immune system, but so far it has been impossible to determine how each of these factors contribute to the development of intestinal bowel disease,» said Hyun Jung Kim, Ph.D., former Wyss Technology Development Fellow and first author on the study, speaking about the limitations of conventional in vitro and animal models of bacterial overgrowth and inflammation of the intestines.

In cell culture, high expression levels of GPR161 induced proliferation of mammary epithelial cells, disrupted the acinar structures formed by these cells, and enhanced their invasive capacity.

The «dry» form is caused by natural deposits on the retina that gradually kill retinal pigment epithelial cells.

They found IL - 10 promotes intestinal epithelial wound repair through the activation of cAMP response element - binding protein (CREB) signaling at the sites of injury, followed by synthesis and secretion of the WNT1 - inducible signaling protein 1 (WISP - 1).

The research team, led by Georgia State University and the University of Michigan, wanted to understand how a wound heals in the intestine because in IBD, which includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, damage to the intestinal epithelial barrier allows bacteria in the intestine to go across the barrier and stimulate the body's immune system.

The invasion of epithelial cells and immune cells are controlled by two separate gene clusters called Salmonella Pathogenicity Islands 1 and 2 (SPI1, SPI2) respectively.

Because mice lacking both genes would not be born alive, the scientists followed up this lead by making «conditional knockout mice,» in which Esrp1 and Esrp2 activity was normal early in fetal development, but then was switched off in skin epithelial cells.

They found that infection of the narrowest airways of the lung by PIV3 alone caused moderate levels of inflammation, but after infection by PIV3 expressing RSV NS2, the epithelial cells lining the narrow airways were shed rapidly into the airway lumen.

However, compared to other avian influenza viruses, the attachment to epithelial cells by H7N9 in the bronchioles and alveoli of the lung was more abundant and the viruses attached to a broader range of cell types.

We did notice, though, that the epithelial cells infected by RSV looked very different during infection compared to those infected by PIV3.»

According to this study, it's this NS2 protein and its effect on epithelial - cell shedding that makes RSV by far the most common cause of bronchiolitis in otherwise healthy young children.

Researchers at Oregon State University are pursuing a new concept in treatment of epithelial cancer, especially head and neck cancer, by using two promising «analogs» of an old compound that was once studied as a potent anti-tumor agent, but long ago abandoned because it was too toxic.

But the pH - responsiveness also allows the bacterium to escape a certain death by detaching from epithelial - and mucus cells that are shed into the gastric juice,» says Jeanna Bugaytsova, researcher at Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics and first - author of the article.

Recently published in the journal eLife and featured in a poster session at this year's American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) annual meeting, preclinical experiments show for the first time that PLK1 promotes the migration of prostate cancer cells by setting in motion a process that induces what is known as the epithelial - to - mesenchymal transition (EMT).

«Our system is based around a molecule called E-cadherin, which suppresses tumor growth in part by maintaining cells in an epithelial rather than a mesenchymal state,» Tomoki Muramatsu of TMDU says.

In addition, they found that epithelial - derived MMP9 suppresses tumors in CAC by activating the MMP9 - Notch1 - ARF - p53 axis pathway, which increases apoptosis, initiates cell cycle arrest and keeps a check on DNA damage.

By manipulating it in vitro, a team of researchers led by Prof. David Mooney at Harvard SEAS have identified a possible mechanism by which normal cells turn malignant in mammary epithelial tissues, the tissues frequently involved in breast canceBy manipulating it in vitro, a team of researchers led by Prof. David Mooney at Harvard SEAS have identified a possible mechanism by which normal cells turn malignant in mammary epithelial tissues, the tissues frequently involved in breast canceby Prof. David Mooney at Harvard SEAS have identified a possible mechanism by which normal cells turn malignant in mammary epithelial tissues, the tissues frequently involved in breast canceby which normal cells turn malignant in mammary epithelial tissues, the tissues frequently involved in breast cancer.

Further tests suggested that epithelial cell progenitors helped by restoring the connection between cells called myoepithelial contractile cells and the lacrimal gland's secretory cells, which produce tears.

But by hierarchical clustering of observed alterations in endocytosis, the researchers identified two distinct cancer phenotype clusters, one marked by mutations in the oncogene KRAS in mesenchymal cells and the other by changes in epithelial cells.

«It is striking that these changes, found in many human cancers, can be induced in normal mammary epithelial cells simply by varying the stiffness or composition of the matrix surrounding them.»

These structures were further examined by tissue - level and immunohistochemical tools, revealing ducts with «excessive layers» of epithelial cells, potentially pre-cancerous lesions that were «highly proliferative» compared to normal ducts, they add.

In most cases, infected epithelial cells are quickly killed by CD8 + cells, a type of white blood cells; only occasionally does the infection overwhelm the immune system, resulting in a lesion.

The resulting organoids could either be banked for future use or immediately fragmented and seeded into the «epithelial» channels of multiple Organ Chips where they were further matured by flowing specialized culture medium and applying mechanical stimulation to the channels to mimic physiological peristalsis - like motions.

To test their idea for the dry form, Amir Kashani of the University of Southern California in Los Angeles and his colleagues coated 6 by 4 - millimetre slithers of polymer with retinal pigment epithelial cells they had grown, then transplanted these into four people.

It has been designed for treating the «dry» form of macular degeneration, caused by deposits on the retina gradually killing retinal pigment epithelial cells, which support light - capturing cells.

To investigate, a team led by Gerburg Wulf, MD, PhD, a physician scientist in the Hematology / Oncology Division at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) and an Associate Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School, cultured breast cells called primary mammary epithelial cells (MECs) in the presence of EBV.

Irritated by the main cholera toxin, the intestine will gush fluid, and a person will develop cramping, vomiting, and, most notoriously, diarrhea that rapidly becomes a staggering volume of «rice - water» stool: a watery liquid filled with mucous flakes and epithelial cells.

The goal of the first experiment was to see whether lncRNAs are differentially expressed in prostate cancer by measuring total RNA from prostate cancer cell lines and normal epithelial prostatic cells using NCode human ncRNA array and SurePrint G3 human lncRNA microarrays.

Researchers have built a model to investigate the metastasis of cancer by examining the metabolism of breast epithelial cells and look at the role of signaling.

A team of researchers led by Professor Lindsay Hinck at the University of California, Santa Cruz, examined the ROBO signaling pathway in breast epithelial cells and found that one family member, ROBO1, enhances cellular contractility and stimulates assembly of cell - matrix adhesions.

It consisted in exposing human umbilical cord epithelial cells to the substances produced by the nerve cells of the previous experiment.

Physical separation of the two proteins is an «easy - to - conceptualize mechanism by which airway epithelial cells are poised to heal themselves the moment they are injured.»