Sentences with phrase «by gene duplication»

Nearly three - quarters of the 1,286 animal - specific gene families arose by gene duplication on the metazoan stem (Supplementary Note 9).

Scientists think that this family evolved by gene duplication, branch by branch, from a single ancestor present in primitive vertebrates.

But you asked me right, the importance of gene duplication; most — I say, most, [which] is a rough number — but a very large number of the genes that carry out functions in our body are parts of [the] family of the genes, members of [the] family of the genes that have expanded by gene duplication.

In this cycle, new gene copies often arise by gene duplication, with the copies persisting or adapting into new roles within the genome for varying lengths of time, or dying off and being lost randomly.

Not exact matches

Not sure what you mean by «genetic information», but evolution requires changes in the genes of the next generation of organism, which is exactly what happens with gene duplication, transposition, etc..

This finding suggests that the homologous region may have resulted from a duplication of an ancestral gene and that the two genes evolved further by recruitment of exons from other genes, which provided the specific functional domains of the LDL receptor and the EGF precursor.

Unexpectedly, they show that the appearance of duplicated genes was not caused by a simple duplication of the whole genome but rather by a mating («hybridization») event between two different species.

Singer now believes that her daughter's autism was largely caused by genes, but genetic testing when she was first diagnosed revealed no known pathogenic deletions or duplications in her genome.

So what this shows is it sort of gives us a window to say, well, one way the gene duplication allows novelty or specialization or adaptation is by having more genetic parts to work with — each part can be optimized and specialized in a way that if you just have one part, you can do.

After the gene was duplicated — now I just mention [ed] that duplication takes place all of the time, they are common sort of genetic accidents — but after the genes were duplicated, now there was the opportunity to divide the labor that was once stored by a single gene; now divide that labor into two genes, and what happened is, a series a mutations have taken place that has optimized each role — that the regulatory sensor role of GAL3 and the enzymatic - converting role of GAL1.

According to the textbooks, the process by which new genes form starts with gene duplication.

In fact, one of the most common outcomes, now appreciated about gene duplication, is a little bit disappointing, which is really just the old job gets done by two genes, so they really just share the old job; its like, now you -LSB-'ve] got two lazy workers instead of one really efficient one.

«While gene duplication and alternative splicing are typically invoked as major mechanisms underpinning protein neofunctionalization, this study suggests that the process of co-option should be re-evaluated as a potentially important method by which genes can acquire novel functions.»

Gene moonlighting can occur merely through changes in expression, which may result from as little as a single mutation; it does not require the meandering process of random alteration and selection implied by the duplication and neofunctionalization model.

Based largely on studies of snakes, spiders and other species dangerous to our own, it is thought that most venom genes arise through the mechanism of gene duplication followed by mutation and repurposing (which scientists refer to as neofunctionalization).

On January 9, a team, led by researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and Children's Hospital Boston, announced that it had found copy number variations — deletions of duplications of segments of genetic code that alter the number of copies of a gene a person carries — in 12 of 1,400 autism sufferers it was studying.

Pairwise alignments were calculated using Shuffle - LAGAN (window size, 400 bp; step size 40 bp; translated anchoring), a glocal alignment algorithm that is able to calculate optimal alignments by using both local alignments and global maps of sequence rearrangements (e.g. duplications of the fiber gene in adenovirus genomes with 2 fibers)[57].

In biological systems in particular, this scale ‐ free addition of new nodes is likely a consequence of gene duplication (Qian et al, 2001), and is also affected by alternate splicing and posttranslational modification in protein networks (Qian et al, 2001; Bhan et al, 2002; Pastor ‐ Satorras et al, 2003; Vazquez et al, 2003), as well as the variable chemical versatility of the metabolic intermediates in metabolic networks.

To avoid any duplication within the IMPC, a gene already reserved by another center (i.e. already produced, or with production underway, or planned to be produced) will not be selected but the production state will be transferred to the requestor.

More recently, however, it has become appreciated that after gene duplication, the resulting duplicates are often «subfunctionalized» and accumulate complementary mutations: the two genes together perform the function formerly carried out by a single ancestral gene.

Compared with the ancestral lineage, the East African cichlid genomes possess: an excess of gene duplications; alterations in regulatory, non-protein-coding elements in the genome; accelerated evolution of protein - coding elements, especially in genes for pigmentation; and other distinct features that affect gene expression, such as insertions of transposable elements and regulation by novel microRNAs.

We found an excess of gene duplications in the East African lineage compared to tilapia and other teleosts, an abundance of non-coding element divergence, accelerated coding sequence evolution, expression divergence associated with transposable element insertions, and regulation by novel microRNAs.

We found that an unusually high number of genes affected by these DNA deletions / duplications are associated with the functioning of synaptic transmission between nerve cells.

MANDs share similar clinical phenotypes and are reported to be caused by deletions, duplications, or pathogenic variants of MBD5, a gene that has been implicated in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and shares pathways with other ASD - associated genes.

The mutation is a 44 bp insertion of a A29 tract flanked by a 15 bp duplication in exon 2 of the gene, that creates a frameshift and introduces a premature stop codon early in exon 3.