Sentences with phrase «by gene flow»

The primary limitation of RNA - guided gene drives is that they are likely to spread to fixation in all populations connected by gene flow.

Not exact matches

Activation of NOTCH1 by blood flow causes a domino effect, triggering numerous other genes in the network to turn on or off, resulting in suppression of inflammation and calcification.

«We do this by applying some known and novel techniques to estimate the amount and the timing of the gene flow events.»

The lack of genetic differences in Namibian elephants could also be attributed to their long distance migrations; large home ranges; recent increases in population size and range; or gene flow provided by male elephants breeding with different groups of female elephants.

Allan - Herndon - Dudley syndrome is caused by defects to a single gene that controls the flow of thyroid hormone to the brain.

The other gene linked to the disorder, BMPR2, is thought to cause PAH by ultimately promoting growth and multiplication of smooth muscle cells in the pulmonary artery, thereby restricting blood flow.

Similarly, a 2009 study by Flesch showed a significant amount of gene flow between desert bighorn sheep populations in the U.S. and Mexico.

By comparing the frequency of markers in samples taken from known locations, they managed to assemble a map of elephant gene flow across the continent.

So by analogy of that we would expect the female Neandertal to be the most likely price to be looking for signs of gene flow, and it does not seem to be there so far.

* For a description of additional methods used by Green et al. to detect gene flow between Neandertals and modern humans, see the News story by A. Gibbons.

According to this view, archaic humans were not replaced by anatomically modern humans, but rather, gene flow between Africa, Europe, and Asia, led to the evolution of modern humans from local populations.

Paleoanthropologists Jean - Jacques Hublin and Luke Premo of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, tested this hypothesis by simulating how mating preferences alter gene flow between individuals in different groups.

Releasing > 50 % of the local population, even over successive generations, can therefore replace the local population without the risk of spreading into other populations connected by low levels of gene flow.

Allopatric speciation holds that species with large central populations are stabilized by their large volume and the process gene flow.

A transcriptome research of its organs revealed its gene signature is highly evolved and adapted for extreme longevity (slow metabolism, improved insulin gene signaling and glucose homeostasis, thus reduced blood glucose, improved cancer genes, improved endothelial function by eNOS (endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase) meaning improved vascular coronary blood flow, improved microvasculature arterial and heart endothelium function) but more importantly, to answer your question, some whales display low blood glucose hypoglycemia, this affects the quantity and period of proteins / DNA / cell exposure to glucose glycation, glycosylation and glycoxydation reactions.

The researchers found that this regular gene flow mutes genetic variants unimportant to speciation — allowing them to identify key genetic areas affected by natural selection.

The Chips are cultured under continuous flow within engineered 3D microenvironments that go beyond conventional 3D in vitro models by recapitulating in vivo intercellular interactions, spatiotemporal gradients, vascular perfusion, and mechanical forces — all key drivers of cell architecture, differentiated function, and gene expression.

The nearly equal frequency of conflicting gene trees suggests that speciation of rorqual evolution occurred under gene flow, which is best depicted by evolutionary networks.

However, response to treatment may be predicted by baseline frontal lobe blood flow, and presence of polymorphisms of the 5 - hydroxytryptamine (5 - HT)-1 a gene, the LL genotype of the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5 - HTTLPR) gene, and Val / Val homozygotes of the brain - derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene.

RND takes into account possible mutation rate differences among genomic regions by incorporating divergence to a third more distantly related species, and is expected to be inversely proportional to the amount of gene flow.

A more recent study using individuals sampled across the hybrid zone and 22 markers showed that some loci are characterized by concordant and stepped clines that do not co-localize with any obvious physical or ecological barriers [27], suggesting an overall barrier to gene flow likely to be primarily maintained by selection against intrinsically unfit hybrids.

Revolutionise scientific understanding of the population biology of infectious disease, by providing an unprecedented level of information about genetic diversity, population structure, evolutionary selection, demography and gene flow, and by enabling this to be linked to information about the behaviour and migration patterns of human and pathogen populations.

Although treating atherosclerosis with the drug decitabine is not a viable option clinically, Jo's team was able to find several genes that are silenced by disturbed blood flow and that need DNA methylation to stay shut off.

We note that loci characterized by high levels of differentiation, which are likely to be resisting introgression, were included in our estimates from previous studies; therefore, if anything, the estimates of gene flow used in the simulations are likely to be underestimates, and our results should therefore be conservative.

In principle, some of these limitations can be overcome by applying high - throughput sequencing to the study of introgression between partially - isolated populations that are characterized by a long history of extensive gene flow.

At day 7, when endodermal gene expression is optimal, cultures were harvested and analyzed by flow cytometry.

Genetic studies using samples along the distribution range of both subspecies and based on a few dozen nuclear markers have revealed loci of relatively high divergence (0.3 — 1.2 %) between subspecies embedded in a genome otherwise characterized by low levels of differentiation and high levels of bidirectional gene flow [21], [24]--[26], likely facilitated by high effective population sizes, high dispersal, and a relatively short generation time [21], [24]--[26].

This interpretation is supported by very high estimates of gene flow for this locus using an isolation - with - migration model [25].

Cytokines, chemokines, and gene expression patterns were measured by flow cytometry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Figure S1 shows QRT - PCR data for expression of the TGF - beta superfamily member GDF3, a gene which is strongly downregulated across the various subpopulations, for four ES cell lines subjected to separation by flow cytometry.

Single cell Q - RTPCR for the genes indicated was carried out on cells separated by flow cytometry on the basis of cell surface marker expression.

CT values for cyclophilin were somewhat more variable in cells isolated by flow cytometry and frozen prior to analysis, compared to freshly isolated and unmanipulated cells, but the gradients in patterns of gene expression were similar for cells isolated by the two techniques (Figure 3a — d).

It's handled well by director Gene Saks (he also made The Odd Couple), who keeps the humour flowing and maintains a lively pace until about half an hour from the end.

Genetic differentiation and estimation of gene flow from F - statistics under isolation - by - distance

By altering climate, landscapes, and seascapes as well as flows of species, genes, energy, and materials, we are sealing the fates of myriad other species.

But it is the network of 1,700 workhorse gene banks worldwide, including Vavilov's Institute and ICARDA, that actually maintain the flow of seeds used by plant breeders to develop new crop varieties.

... According to a review by Lovich and Ennen (2013), the construction and operation of wind farms have both potential and known impacts on terrestrial vertebrates, such as: (i) increase in direct mortality due to traffic collisions; (ii) destruction and modification of the habitat, including road development, habitat fragmentation and barriers to gene flow; (iii) noise effects, visual impacts, vibration and shadow flicker effects from turbines; (iv) electromagnetic field generation; (v) macro and microclimate change; (vi) predator attraction; and (vii) increase in fire risks.

The Responsible Electronics Recycling Act, introduced by US Rep Gene Green (D - TX) and Mike Thompson (D - CA), would not only stem the flow of electronics to e-waste dumps, but could also boost green - collar jobs at home among recycling plants.