Sentences with phrase «by gene transcription»

When histones are bound to the DNA, the chromatin is in a condensed state (called heterochromatin) and the genes are not expressed because they can not be accessed by the gene transcription machinery.

We can compare the diverse tasks performed by a colony to the many proteins generated by gene transcription, to various cell types of a developing embryo, or to the firing patterns of neurons in the brain.

Not exact matches

The ATF6 protein is a transcription factor, meaning it helps turn other genes «off» or «on,» depending on what's needed by the cell.

«Our lab took part in analysing the group of RNA or transcriptome, that results from transcription, the process by which the instructions in the genes are read.

Aiolos is a member of a class of proteins called transcription factors — proteins that control which genes are turned on or off by binding to DNA and other proteins.

«By analysing the first nucleotides we are able to identify which sequence of gene starts the transcription.

The once - disparate fields of psychiatry and molecular genetics have been merged by physician - scientists who study the correlation between gene expression, transcription, and human behaviors.

Vitamin A and vitamin D are precursors to hormones that influence biological processes by entering the nucleus of a cell, binding to DNA, and altering the transcription of certain genes.

In addition, using methods for the analysis of regulatory networks developed by the Califano lab in the Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Systems Biology, the researchers identified a number of transcription factors (gene regulators) that have the potential to mimic the environmental signals that trigger papillae to induce new hair growth.

Using an innovative crystallization technique for studying three - dimensional structures of gene transcription machinery, an international team of researchers, led by scientists at Penn State, has revealed new insights into the long debated action of the «magic spot» — a molecule that controls gene expression in Eschericahia coli and many other bacteria when the bacteria are stressed.

Wyrick and his colleagues also saw less damage around transcription factors, proteins that bind to specific, short stretches of DNA and regulate gene expression by controlling which genes are turned on and off.

By studying Arabidopsis plants for which the genes for these transcription factors had been selectively knocked out, the group identified a single transcription factor that when inactive resulted in longer roots.

Analysis of the tumor genes affected by the two drugs revealed that cabazitaxel had a greater effect on cellular division and regulation of chromatin — a spool for DNA that helps control which genes are in use and when — whereas docetaxel has a greater impact on DNA transcription and repair.

If an engineered organism mates with a wild counterpart, the transcription factors render the offspring unable to survive by activating genes that cause their cells to die.

Based on previous work, the researchers had reason to think it was controlled by transcription factors — proteins that control the expression of certain genes by binding to DNA at specific locations to induce (or block) the transcription of information from DNA to RNA.

By impairing or enhancing transcription, these modifications are able to influence gene activity.

Active genes produce promoter - localized sense and antisense short RNAs, suggesting frequent transcription by divergently oriented RNA polymerase II complexes at mammalian promoters.

Blau's group found that the daily changes in Rho1 activity are controlled by rhythms in transcription of a gene very similar to human Puratrophin - 1.

These are the same T cell genes inhibited by digoxin, and since replication of integrated HIV - 1 requires transcription of nearby genes, this provides an explanation for why wild type HIV - 1 is more susceptible to digoxin: digoxin represses the genes that the virus more frequently targets for integration.

The Rutgers scientists show that the transcription activator protein functions by binding to a specific DNA sequence preceding the target gene and making adhesive, Velcro - like interactions with RNA polymerase that stabilize contacts by RNA polymerase with adjacent DNA sequences.

At that point, a particular type of protein called a transcription activator can kick - start the molecular process by which a gene gets turned on.

The researchers led by Prof. Mihaela Zavolan and Prof. Anne Spang, both at the Biozentrum of the University of Basel, have discovered how the transcription factor Gcn4, a protein that regulates the expression of many genes, extends the life of baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The switch, in turn, is flicked on by proteins called transcription factors, which activate certain genes in response to certain stimuli.

Naturally, every gene is not regulated by its own distinct transcription factor; otherwise, a codebook of as many as 30,000 genes would require 30,000 transcription factors — and 30,000 more genes to code for them.

STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) is a protein that activates the transcription of genes in response to IL - 6, a signaling protein released by cells in response to injury and inflammation.

This type of histone methylation enables the function of these regions as enhancer sequences, i.e. as marks that can be identified by specific proteins which boost gene transcription.

It does so by activating the transcription factor STAT3, which in turn inhibits expression of the miR - 34a gene by directly binding to it.»

MYCN and its kin are «transcription factors,» proteins that bind to DNA and influence the rate at which genetic information is used by the cell — essentially serving as brightener / dimmer switches for gene activity.

A major process of gene expression is transcription, by which RNA is synthesized according to a DNA template.

In early work in Sweden, Jansson and his team investigated how distribution of sugars in plants could be controlled by a special protein called a transcription factor, which binds to certain genes and turns them on or off.

It does this by making sure that no relevant transcription factors are around to make RNA from the genes.

This strict selectiveness of sensory neurons is in part due to enhancers (DNA sequences that enhance transcription of a gene when bound by specific protein), which remain poorly understood.

The most common way to turn a gene on or off is by using proteins called transcription factors that bind to and regulate the expression of a specific gene.

An entire class of proteins called transcription factors, which regulate the activity of certain genes by interacting with specific sequences of DNA, has largely been ignored by the pharmaceutical industry because it's difficult to design and screen drugs against them.

Reference article: The transcription factor GATA6 enables self - renewal of colon adenoma stem cells by repressing BMP gene expression Gavin Whissell, Elisa Montagni, Paola Martinelli, Xavier Hernando - Momblona, Marta Sevillano, Peter Jung, Carme Cortina, Alexandre Calon, Anna Abuli, Antoni Castells, Sergi Castellvi - Bel, Ana Silvina Nacht, Elena Sancho, Camille Stephan - Otto Attolini, Guillermo P. Vicent, Francisco X. Real and Eduard Batlle Nature Cell Biology (2014) Doi: 10.1038 / ncb2992

Since many of the genes containing «fragile» nucleosomes are controlled in a continuous manner by nutrient availability, modulation of promoter nucleosome stability may be a strategy used to coordinate growth - related transcription on a genome - wide level.

When a given gene needs to be transcribed to create new proteins, its promoter region must be unwrapped from the nucleosome so that it can be accessed by the factors involved in initiating the transcription process.

In the first step, called transcription, the gene's DNA is «read» by molecules of mRNA.

Ellen V. Rothenberg and Susan B. Ward report that the interleukin - 2 (IL - 2) transcriptional apparatus integrates multiple types of biochemical information in determining whether or not the gene will be expressed, using multiple diverse transcription factors that are each optimally activated or inhibited by different signaling pathways.

For example, in the case of the protein SIN3A, a regulator of gene transcription, the small molecule that covalently binds to its reactive lysine blocks the protein's function by disrupting SIN3A's interaction with another protein, TGIF1 — an interaction implicated in some invasive breast cancers.

It turns out, as depicted by the model, that Ascl1 acts as a pioneer transcription factor that is capable of opening closed chromatin, and recruit the other factors to induce neuronal gene transcription.

Han et al. demonstrated that in Caco2 cells, extracellular NAD + inhibited the binding of NF - kB to DNA by blocking the transcription of different genes involved in both inflammatory and aging pathways (interlukin - 6, interlukin - 1 beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha) 27.

In fact, they found that TGF - β halts both the transcription of the p53 gene - the process by which cellular machinery reads the DNA code for a gene - and the subsequent process by which the corresponding p53 protein is produced, known as translation.

Andy Peters and Ursula Storb show that the initiation of Ig gene transcription targets Ig gene somatic hypermutation (SHM), by duplicating the variable (V) region promoter upstream of the constant (C) region and showing that a second wave of mutations occurs over the C region.

A PCR fragment containing full - length env and rev genes was derived from plasma virion - associated RNA from a subject acutely infected with a clade B virus by reverse transcription and nested PCR amplification.

The mechanism by which MNLPs modify gene activity is not yet known; a leading hypothesis is that the short sequences change a promoter's ability to bind proteins that regulate transcription.

Since all four of the genes could be regulated by a common transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator - activated receptors, it was supposed that the transcription factor might play an important role in carotenoid accumulation [33].

A PCR fragment containing full - length env and rev genes was derived from plasma virion - associated RNA from a subject infected with a clade B virus by reverse transcription and nested PCR amplification procedures.

The mammalian expression vector pcDNA - SRα / FLAG - DDX 3 was constructed by insertion of a 2 - kb EcoRI / ApaI — treated fragment of the DDX3 gene derived by reverse transcription - PCR (RT - PCR) into EcoRI / ApaI — treated pcDNA - SRα / FLAG vector.

That being said, we generally pick guides by putting the promoter of the gene into a gRNA finder such as WU - CRISPR (6) or our lab's sgRNA scorer 1.0 (7) and picking whichever guides are closest to the transcription start site (TSS).