Sentences with phrase «by general circulation»

«Our results imply that because dust plays a role in modulating tropical North Atlantic temperature, projections of these temperatures under various global warming scenarios by general circulation models should account for long - term changes in dust loadings.

What they discovered was that the poleward shift of the clouds, which occurs in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, connected more strongly with the expansion of the tropics, defined by the general circulation Hadley cell, than with the movement of the jets.

The atmosphere gains angular momentum from the equatorial surface, transfers it to higher latitudes by general circulation, and delivers angular momentum back to the surface at higher latitudes.

«When forced by general circulation models (GCMs) other than HadCM3, vegetation models have usually simulated lower or even no losses of Amazonian forest cover.

It must be that the overall surplus of tropospheric energy, mixed by the general circulation.

Future development of the ozone layer calculated by a general circulation model with fully interactive chemistry.

Membership is limited to authors who are published by an «established» US publisher (re: well - known, not necessarily independent), freelancers who are published by general circulation periodicals, or self - published authors who earn at least $ 5000 in royalties in an 18 - month period.

First, the hypothesis of manmade global warming is only supported by general circulation models, which are known to be imperfect representations of the Earth's climate systems.

Not exact matches

«Systems for anonymous payments and cyber currencies that have gained considerable circulation - including the most well - known, Bitcoin - are money substitutes and can not be used by individuals or legal entities,» a statement by the Russian Prosecutor General's Office read.

«As if the palpable odium of intiating a vacuous criminal charge against a whistle - blower, no less a person than a distinguished senator of the Federal Republic of Nigeria was not bad enough, the prosecuting authority, obviously urged on by the Inspector General of Police, threw pretension to adherence to democratic tenets of the rule of law when it sought from the court, albeit most illegally, to obtain summons against Senator Misau, while deliberately witholding service of the copy of the charge on the Senator, an obvious stratagem conceived to frame up all manner of false allegations tailored to suit the obvious purpose of yet another gestapo strategy to use state powers to swoop on the Distinguished Senator and keep him out of circulation»

The work performed by this atmospheric engine drives the atmospheric general circulation.

This finding was reinforced by computer models of the general circulation of the atmosphere, the fruit of a long effort to learn how to predict (and perhaps even deliberately change) the weather.

The study, aimed at quantifying the small - scale circulation that can not be captured by satellite - based altimeter measurements or general circulation models, has immediate practical applications to help better predict the path of catastrophic pollutant events, such as from future oil spills or nuclear disaster events.

The report by a team led by Udo Hoffmann, MD, MPH, of the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) appears in the June 13 issue of Circulation.

With coordinated experiments with six atmospheric general circulation models, forced by observed daily sea - ice concentration and sea surface temperatures.

Furhman said that in studies with animals his filtration system decreased the amount of Adriamycin reaching the general blood circulation by more than 90 per cent.

In the study, researchers analyzed a series of transient Coupled General Circulation Model simulations forced by changes in greenhouse gases, orbital forcing, meltwater discharge and the ice - sheet history throughout the past 21,000 years.

A global climate model or general circulation model aims to describe climate behavior by integrating a variety of fluid - dynamical, chemical, or even biological equations that are either derived directly from physical laws (e.g.

-- The Secretary shall publish notice of the benefits available under this part to workers covered by each certification made under subsection (d) in newspapers of general circulation in the areas in which such workers reside and shall make such information available on the website of the Department of Labor.

To derive the climate projections for this assessment, we employed 20 general circulation models to consider two scenarios of global carbon emissions: one where atmospheric greenhouse gases are stabilized by the end of the century and the other where it grows on its current path (the stabilization [RCP4.5] and business - as - usual [RCP8.5] emission scenarios, respectively).

Cess, R.D., et al., 1989: Interpretation of cloud - climate feedback as produced by 14 atmospheric general circulation models.

This year we received 14 June SIO submissions from dynamical models, of which 3 were from ice - ocean models forced by atmospheric reanalysis or other atmospheric model output and 12 were from fully - coupled general circulation models.

Methods: In these experiments, the research team conducted large ensembles of simulations with two state - of - the - art atmospheric general circulation models by abruptly switching the sea - surface temperature warming on from January 1st to focus on the wintertime circulation adjustment.

We address this issue in a new study led by Dr. Ravi Kopparapu, on which I am a co-author, titled «The inner edge of the habitable zone for synchronously rotating planets around low - mass stars using general circulation models.»

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Each year, beginning with the 1997 - 98 school year, each BOCES shall prepare a BOCES report card and shall make it available by appending it to copies of the proposed administrative budget made publicly available as required by law, making it available for distribution at the annual meeting, transmitting it to local newspapers of general circulation and making it available to parents.

Each board of education shall make its report card available by appending it to copies of the proposed budget made publicly available as required by law, making it available for distribution at the annual meeting, transmitting it to local newspapers of general circulation and making it available to parents.

A typical example is the Kilimanjaro glacier, where the shrinking is largely due to dryer air, caused in part by deforestation at the foot, in part also by general faster air circulation, which dried the upper air in the tropics.

Another point is the fact that general circulation models have our understanding of relevant processes encoded into lines of computer code, whereas empirical - statistical models capture all relevant processes simply by the fact that these are emedded in the data itself.

In response, Armstrong et al. (Interfaces, 38 (5): 382 - 405, 2008) questioned the General Circulation Models (GCMs) upon which U.S.G.S. analyses relied; challenged the independence of U.S.G.S. from the policy process; and criticized the methods used by the U.S.G.S. to project the future status of polar bears.

However, it has been known since the earliest general circulation simulations by Manabe that as the Earth warms in response to increasing CO2, the precipitation increases much more slowly than Clausius - Clapeyron would suggest — typically only 2 - 3 % per degree of warming.

We employed two different climate model simulations: (1) the simulation of the NCAR CSM 1.4 coupled atmosphere - ocean General Circulation Model (GCM) analyzed by Ammann et al (2007) and (2) simulations of a simple Energy Balance Model (EBM).

Vecchi et al. compared the observed trend in the Walker circulation between 1861 and 1992 to that yielded by simulations from the GFDL CM2 general circulation model, run with and without anthropogenic forcing.

Whether the activity of TCs (TC - scale dynamics and cumulus convection together) is determined by the global climatic condition (SST, atmospheric composition and general circulation).

«The 21st - century intensification of dry seasons suggested by our analysis is probably partially driven by the general intensification of tropical circulation caused by increased temperatures and tropospheric moisture content.

Not too many examples of the general circulation moving energy downward, though I do understand the notion of tropospheric surplus which can only be balanced by radiance.

Title: «Solar Radiation Absorption by CO2, Overlap With H2O, and a Parameterization for General Circulation Models»

The general circulation models assume that planetary cloud cover is either not affected by the CO2 forcing or assume planetary cloud cover is reduced by the CO2 forcing which explains why they have a tropical tropospheric hot spot.

27, pp.115 - 139, (1989).2 R. D. Cess et al, «Interpretation of cloud - climate feedback as produced by 14 atmospheric general circulation models», Science, Vol.

Higher modelled temperature in the troposphere enables the general circulation model to assume there is more water vapour in the troposphere which amplifies the CO2 forcing by increasing the amount of water vapor in troposphere.

If the objective was to develop a general circulation model that matches reality rather than to push an agenda likely one of model fixes would be modify to GCMs (modeling of planetary cloud cover) to match Lindzen and Choi finding that planetary cloud cover in the tropics increases or decreases to resist forcing changes by reflecting more or less radiation off to space.

July 17, 2013 at 1:39 pm The lapse rate feedback is only a negative feedback (in the general circulation model) if the long wave radiation that is released when the water vapour condenses is emitted to space rather than trapped by increased water vapour.

A «family tree» of some of the more important Atmospheric General Circulation Models, by Paul Edwards.

In the paper, according to the abstract, Scafetta compares the performance of a recently proposed empirical climate model based on astronomical harmonics against all CMIP3 available general circulation climate models (GCM) used by the IPCC (2007) and finds that the climate appears to be resonating with, or is synchronized to, a set of natural harmonics that have been associated to the solar system planetary motion.

A new paper has been published by the Journal of Atmospheric and Solar Terrestrial Physics, authored by Nicola Scafetta, 2012: Testing an astronomically based decadal - scale empirical harmonic climate model versus the IPCC (2007) general circulation models.

Here, FOR values are derived from a General Circulation Model by extracting OLR and SLE over areas in east - central Europe (at about 60 ° N) one hour after injecting appropriate CO2 concentration (adjustments to the atmospheric profile are thus excluded) to the Feb. 1 midnight simulation.

-- The Secretary shall publish notice of the benefits available under this part to workers covered by each certification made under subsection (d) in newspapers of general circulation in the areas in which such workers reside and shall make such information available on the website of the Department of Labor.

This shift is caused by global climatic warming that leads to higher energy in the general circulation: The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)-- known more commonly as monsoon — increases in strength due to increased convection and convergence.

More than a decade ago I published a peer - reviewed paper that showed the UK's Hadley Centre general circulation model (GCM) could not model climate and only obtained agreement between past average global temperature and the model's indications of average global temperature by forcing the agreement with an input of assumed anthropogenic aerosol cooling.

Due to computational constraints, the equilibrium climate sensitivity in a climate model is usually estimated by running an atmospheric general circulation model coupled to a mixed - layer ocean model, because equilibrium climate sensitivity is largely determined by atmospheric processes.