Sentences with phrase «by general circulation models»

«Our results imply that because dust plays a role in modulating tropical North Atlantic temperature, projections of these temperatures under various global warming scenarios by general circulation models should account for long - term changes in dust loadings.

«When forced by general circulation models (GCMs) other than HadCM3, vegetation models have usually simulated lower or even no losses of Amazonian forest cover.

First, the hypothesis of manmade global warming is only supported by general circulation models, which are known to be imperfect representations of the Earth's climate systems.

Future development of the ozone layer calculated by a general circulation model with fully interactive chemistry.

Not exact matches

This finding was reinforced by computer models of the general circulation of the atmosphere, the fruit of a long effort to learn how to predict (and perhaps even deliberately change) the weather.

The study, aimed at quantifying the small - scale circulation that can not be captured by satellite - based altimeter measurements or general circulation models, has immediate practical applications to help better predict the path of catastrophic pollutant events, such as from future oil spills or nuclear disaster events.

With coordinated experiments with six atmospheric general circulation models, forced by observed daily sea - ice concentration and sea surface temperatures.

In the study, researchers analyzed a series of transient Coupled General Circulation Model simulations forced by changes in greenhouse gases, orbital forcing, meltwater discharge and the ice - sheet history throughout the past 21,000 years.

A global climate model or general circulation model aims to describe climate behavior by integrating a variety of fluid - dynamical, chemical, or even biological equations that are either derived directly from physical laws (e.g.

To derive the climate projections for this assessment, we employed 20 general circulation models to consider two scenarios of global carbon emissions: one where atmospheric greenhouse gases are stabilized by the end of the century and the other where it grows on its current path (the stabilization [RCP4.5] and business - as - usual [RCP8.5] emission scenarios, respectively).

Cess, R.D., et al., 1989: Interpretation of cloud - climate feedback as produced by 14 atmospheric general circulation models.

This year we received 14 June SIO submissions from dynamical models, of which 3 were from ice - ocean models forced by atmospheric reanalysis or other atmospheric model output and 12 were from fully - coupled general circulation models.

Methods: In these experiments, the research team conducted large ensembles of simulations with two state - of - the - art atmospheric general circulation models by abruptly switching the sea - surface temperature warming on from January 1st to focus on the wintertime circulation adjustment.

We address this issue in a new study led by Dr. Ravi Kopparapu, on which I am a co-author, titled «The inner edge of the habitable zone for synchronously rotating planets around low - mass stars using general circulation models.»

Another point is the fact that general circulation models have our understanding of relevant processes encoded into lines of computer code, whereas empirical - statistical models capture all relevant processes simply by the fact that these are emedded in the data itself.

In response, Armstrong et al. (Interfaces, 38 (5): 382 - 405, 2008) questioned the General Circulation Models (GCMs) upon which U.S.G.S. analyses relied; challenged the independence of U.S.G.S. from the policy process; and criticized the methods used by the U.S.G.S. to project the future status of polar bears.

We employed two different climate model simulations: (1) the simulation of the NCAR CSM 1.4 coupled atmosphere - ocean General Circulation Model (GCM) analyzed by Ammann et al (2007) and (2) simulations of a simple Energy Balance Model (model simulations: (1) the simulation of the NCAR CSM 1.4 coupled atmosphere - ocean General Circulation Model (GCM) analyzed by Ammann et al (2007) and (2) simulations of a simple Energy Balance Model (Model (GCM) analyzed by Ammann et al (2007) and (2) simulations of a simple Energy Balance Model (Model (EBM).

Vecchi et al. compared the observed trend in the Walker circulation between 1861 and 1992 to that yielded by simulations from the GFDL CM2 general circulation model, run with and without anthropogenic forcing.

Title: «Solar Radiation Absorption by CO2, Overlap With H2O, and a Parameterization for General Circulation Models»

The general circulation models assume that planetary cloud cover is either not affected by the CO2 forcing or assume planetary cloud cover is reduced by the CO2 forcing which explains why they have a tropical tropospheric hot spot.

27, pp.115 - 139, (1989).2 R. D. Cess et al, «Interpretation of cloud - climate feedback as produced by 14 atmospheric general circulation models», Science, Vol.

Higher modelled temperature in the troposphere enables the general circulation model to assume there is more water vapour in the troposphere which amplifies the CO2 forcing by increasing the amount of water vapor in troposphere.

If the objective was to develop a general circulation model that matches reality rather than to push an agenda likely one of model fixes would be modify to GCMs (modeling of planetary cloud cover) to match Lindzen and Choi finding that planetary cloud cover in the tropics increases or decreases to resist forcing changes by reflecting more or less radiation off to space.

July 17, 2013 at 1:39 pm The lapse rate feedback is only a negative feedback (in the general circulation model) if the long wave radiation that is released when the water vapour condenses is emitted to space rather than trapped by increased water vapour.

A «family tree» of some of the more important Atmospheric General Circulation Models, by Paul Edwards.

In the paper, according to the abstract, Scafetta compares the performance of a recently proposed empirical climate model based on astronomical harmonics against all CMIP3 available general circulation climate models (GCM) used by the IPCC (2007) and finds that the climate appears to be resonating with, or is synchronized to, a set of natural harmonics that have been associated to the solar system planetary motion.

A new paper has been published by the Journal of Atmospheric and Solar Terrestrial Physics, authored by Nicola Scafetta, 2012: Testing an astronomically based decadal - scale empirical harmonic climate model versus the IPCC (2007) general circulation models.

Here, FOR values are derived from a General Circulation Model by extracting OLR and SLE over areas in east - central Europe (at about 60 ° N) one hour after injecting appropriate CO2 concentration (adjustments to the atmospheric profile are thus excluded) to the Feb. 1 midnight simulation.

More than a decade ago I published a peer - reviewed paper that showed the UK's Hadley Centre general circulation model (GCM) could not model climate and only obtained agreement between past average global temperature and the model's indications of average global temperature by forcing the agreement with an input of assumed anthropogenic aerosol cooling.

Due to computational constraints, the equilibrium climate sensitivity in a climate model is usually estimated by running an atmospheric general circulation model coupled to a mixed - layer ocean model, because equilibrium climate sensitivity is largely determined by atmospheric processes.

«The authors write that «the notorious tropical bias problem in climate simulations of global coupled general circulation models manifests itself particularly strongly in the tropical Atlantic,»... they state that «the climate bias problem is still so severe that one of the most basic features of the equatorial Atlantic Ocean — the eastward shoaling thermocline — can not be reproduced by most of the IPCC assessment report models,... as they describe it, «show that the bias in the eastern equatorial Atlantic has a major effect on sea - surface temperature (SST) response to a rapid change in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMcirculation models manifests itself particularly strongly in the tropical Atlantic,»... they state that «the climate bias problem is still so severe that one of the most basic features of the equatorial Atlantic Ocean — the eastward shoaling thermocline — can not be reproduced by most of the IPCC assessment report models,... as they describe it, «show that the bias in the eastern equatorial Atlantic has a major effect on sea - surface temperature (SST) response to a rapid change in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMCirculation (AMOC).»

The fact that the Atmosphere Ocean General Circulation Models are not able to explain the post-1970 temperature increase by natural forcing was interpreted as proof that it was caused by humans.

Importantly, the changes in cereal yield projected for the 2020s and 2080s are driven by GHG - induced climate change and likely do not fully capture interannual precipitation variability which can result in large yield reductions during dry periods, as the IPCC (Christensen et al., 2007) states: ``... there is less confidence in the ability of the AOGCMs (atmosphere - ocean general circulation models) to generate interannual variability in the SSTs (sea surface temperatures) of the type known to affect African rainfall, as evidenced by the fact that very few AOGCMs produce droughts comparable in magnitude to the Sahel droughts of the 1970s and 1980s.»

Interpretation of cloud - climate feedback predicted by 14 atmospheric general circulation models.

Seven global vegetation models are used to analyze possible responses to future climate simulated by a range of general circulation models run under all four representative concentration pathway scenarios of changing concentrations of greenhouse gases.

Other honourable mentions in the Carbon Brief survey of most influential climate papers go to Norman Phillips, whose 1956 paper described the first general circulation model, William Nordhaus's 1991 paperon the economics of the greenhouse effect, and a paper by Camile Parmesan and Gary Yohe in 2003, considered by many to provide the first formal attribution of climate change impacts on animal and plant species.

The response of atmospheric CO2 and climate to the reconstructed variability in solar irradiance and radiative forcing by volcanoes over the last millennium is examined by applying a coupled physical — biogeochemical climate model that includes the Lund - Potsdam - Jena dynamic global vegetation model (LPJ - DGVM) and a simplified analogue of a coupled atmosphere — ocean general circulation model.

Even if we can not readily find the cause for the «pause» — as it is sometimes called — we can be absolutely sure that it was not predicted by any of the dozens of the UN-IPCC's General Circulation Models (GCMs).

The second part of the dissertation analyzes dust emission in an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM), where realistic simulation is inhibited by the model's coarse resolution compared to the scale of the circulations observed to mobilize dust.

For instance, the global average temperature (as reported by NOAA, Hadley / CRU and NASA / GISS ground - based measurements, as well as RSS and UA - H satellite based measurements) has failed to increase in the 21st century the way the General Circulation Models have said they should despite the fact that CO2 has been rising unabated.

For the July report, we received 14 June SIO submissions from dynamical models: 5 from ice - ocean models forced by atmospheric reanalysis or other atmospheric model output (in green in Figure 3) and 9 from fully coupled general circulation models (in blue in Figure 3).

The General Circulation Models (GCM) driving the regional models chosen are rated in the top 25 %, according to a performance evaluation of CMIP5 models carried out by Perez et al. (2014), in their ability to reproduce spatial patterns and climate variability over the north - east Atlantic region, that is the most influential on the European weather patModels (GCM) driving the regional models chosen are rated in the top 25 %, according to a performance evaluation of CMIP5 models carried out by Perez et al. (2014), in their ability to reproduce spatial patterns and climate variability over the north - east Atlantic region, that is the most influential on the European weather patmodels chosen are rated in the top 25 %, according to a performance evaluation of CMIP5 models carried out by Perez et al. (2014), in their ability to reproduce spatial patterns and climate variability over the north - east Atlantic region, that is the most influential on the European weather patmodels carried out by Perez et al. (2014), in their ability to reproduce spatial patterns and climate variability over the north - east Atlantic region, that is the most influential on the European weather patterns.

«The epistemological status of general circulation models» by Craig Loehle, Climate Dynamics, in press.

Nearly two decades ago I published a peer - reviewed paper that showed the UK's Hadley Centre general circulation model (GCM) could not model climate and only obtained agreement between past average global temperature and the model's indications of average global temperature by forcing the agreement with an input of assumed anthropogenic aerosol cooling.

This climate modeling experiment was performed using the GISS ModelE general circulation coupled atmosphere - ocean climate model by zeroing out all of the non-condensing greenhouse gases.

Furthermore, as detailed in a recent review by Cunningham and Marsh (2010), modeling estimates have been unable to help in this regard: there is currently no consensus on the strength of the AMOC in assimilation / re-analysis products, and ocean general circulation models are in disagreement about the strength and variability of the AMOC.

General circulation models (GCMs) project continued warming, with annual temperatures 3 — 5 °C above current levels by the end of the century (1).

The climate changes have been simulated by seven coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs; see Table 1 of the accompanying report), the greenhouse gas and aerosol forcing being inferred from the SRES emission scenarios A1FI, A2, B1 and B2.

These boundary conditions were used by eight modelling groups to simulate Pliocene climate with atmospheric general circulation models.

Instead each General Circulation Model (GCM) presented by the IPCC depends on hundreds of parameters that are adjusted (tuned) to produce a reasonable match to the real world.