Wherever a forest is converted to a grassland, or a grassland to desert, or barren
ground is created, maximum skin surface temperatures rise
by 10 to 40 °F.8 Also to quench the thirst of growing populations,
extraction of subsurface
waters has lowered the
water table.9 As the
water table drops below the reach of roots, soil moisture is reduced and plants die.
To reconstruct equilibrium sea level changes from tide gauges, account must be made of vertical shifts of the land, caused
by geological processes or land use (e.g.
ground water extraction).