Sentences with phrase «by higher ozone»

«The direct health effects caused by higher ozone concentration include irritation of mucous membranes, respiratory reactions such as reduced lung functions, cardiovascular diseases, as well as an impaired physical performance,» according to Umweltbundesamt.

# 157, Alastair, I am not keen on Tropopause heights because they cause a warming below, it is rather tropopause heights are higher because it is warmer below, there is also tropopause inversions triggered by higher Ozone concentrations, at the point where the tropopause starts you will invariably find the beginning of much higher ozone concentrations.

Not exact matches

This is important, as a molecule of ozone lost in this region has a far larger impact on climate than a molecule destroyed at higher altitudes by longer - lived gases.»

In this study in Timothy grass, researchers led by environmental health scientist Christine Rogers of the UMass Amherst School of Public Health and Health Sciences (SPHHS) determined the interactive effects of CO2 and ozone at projected higher levels on pollen production and concentrations of a Timothy grass pollen protein that is a major human allergen.

And ozone, which forms a beneficial shield against ultraviolet radiation when high in the stratosphere, is an efficient greenhouse gas when it appears at airliner altitudes — as it increasingly does, since it too is a by - product of fossil fuel burning.

Air monitoring by researchers in 2000 found levels of volatile organic compounds — highly reactive ozone precursors such as benzene, known as VOCs — were 10 to 100 times higher than what had previously been estimated.

Sunbelt cities like Los Angeles, Riverside, Calif., and Houston, with their seemingly endless sunny days, gridlocked urban sprawl and heat - trapping stagnant air masses, contain the highest average concentrations of ozone, according to a 2009 study by University of California, Berkeley scientists.

The formation of large areas of high pressure in the lower atmosphere both lowers ozone levels, by squeezing the ozone layer above, and may provide the very cold conditions in which ozone destruction is greatest.

But in 1991, in addition to the high - altitude hole, ozone below 13 kilometres was destroyed by chemical reactions involving the volcanic aerosol.

In previous years, the Antarctic ozone hole, which is caused by destructive chemical reactions involving CFCs released by human activities, had formed at higher altitudes — above 15 kilometres.

Gary Cohen, president and founder of the Massachusetts - based nonprofit Health Care Without Harm, said in a telephone interview that the risks of climate change to both the health of U.S. citizens and the U.S. health care delivery system is profound, particularly in urban areas, where warming average temperatures are exacerbated by the heat island effect and high concentrations of other air pollution like ozone and particulate matter.

Increased incidence of cardio - respiratory diseases caused by higher concentrations of ground - level ozone (smog) is projected.

Early Earth lacked an ozone layer to act as a shield against high - energy solar radiation, but microbes flourished by adapting to or finding other forms of protection from the higher ultraviolet radiation levels.

Fine particles emitted by vehicles (especially diesel - powered ones), coal - fired power plants, and burning wood can penetrate deep into the lungs, while car exhaust, heat, and sunlight contribute to high ozone levels.

For the ozone depletion by CFC's, that is relative highest near the poles.

The higher energy ultraviolet photons, which can be absorbed by O2 molecules in the stratosphere, break that oxygen - oxygen bond and the freed oxygen can combine with O2 to make ozone (O3).

This water photolysis must have happened to the primordial Earth, with loss of Hydrogen to space but it was stopped, as it is today, by the presence of ozone (O3) which requires high oxygen tension to form and it quickly reoxidises hydrogen via OH hydroxyls back to water.

We've changed the atmosphere in other ways, mainly by adding ozone and aerosols at the ground, and destroying ozone high in the atmosphere with CFCs.

The Imperial College London researchers cautioned that even plants that can take advantage of higher CO2 levels could be harmed by other climate change impacts, such as increased temperature and ozone concentration.

Quite frankly, the various arguments on consensus (and denial thereof by the pseudoskeptics) are equivalent to discussing the number of angels who can dance on a pin, given that by any measure the scientific consensus on AGW is as high as that on ozone depletion by CFCs, acid rain, or the dangers of smoking tobacco, in all of which we found the consensus sufficient to act.

NOAA scientists have developed a new high - resolution climate model that shows southwestern Australia's long - term decline in fall and winter rainfall is caused by increases in manmade greenhouse gas emissions and ozone depletion, according to research published today in Nature Geoscience.

Ozone holes are caused by chemical reactions that take place primarily on the surface of polar stratospheric clouds, ice particles, or liquid droplets, which form at high altitudes in the extreme cold of the polar regions.

This collection of Fact Sheets focuses on the work undertaken by UNIDO, in its capacity as Implementing Agency of the Montreal Protocol, to phase - out ozone depleting substances which also are high global warming potential gases, by introducing alternatives with zero ozone - depleting potential and low global warming potential.

Total ozone values are shown for high southern latitudes as measured by a satellite instrument.

More ozone from the stratosphere entering the troposphere at high latitudes (coupled Stratosphere / troposphere circulation) and being fed towards the equator by the counter westerlies traveling in precisely the same direction as the trades.

Reducing HFCs: The U.S. is also taking action to phase down the use of high - global - warming - potential HFCs by finding environmentally - friendly alternatives to traditional ozone - depleting substances through the Significant New Alternatives Policy, or SNAP, program.

Emission source contributions of tropospheric ozone (O3) were comprehensively investigated by using the higher - order decoupled direct method (HDDM) for sensitivity analysis and the...

The positive SAM trend, implying lower pressures over the polar latitudes and relatively higher pressures over mid-latitudes, has been most pronounced in the austral summer and autumn, and has been attributed to forcing by stratospheric ozone depletion, and to a lesser extent, increases in greenhouse gasses (e.g. Arblaster and Meehl 2006).

EIA International Climate Policy Analyst, Avipsa Mahapatra, adds, «As developing countries like India and Brazil begin to transition from using ozone depleting substances, they have the tremendous opportunity to leapfrog high - GWP HFCs by transitioning to energy efficient climate - friendly natural refrigerants, thus saving billions of tonnes of CO2 equivalent emissions.

That growth of sea ice could have potentially been caused by the influx of freshwater as glaciers on land melted, or from changes in the winds that whip around the continent (changes that could be linked to warming or the loss of ozone high in the atmosphere).

HFCs are chemicals primarily used in refrigeration, air conditioning, and foam blowing, which were introduced to replace the ozone depleting chemicals phased - out by the Montreal Protocol, despite the fact that HFCs are extremely harmful to the climate with global warming potentials hundreds and thousands of times higher than carbon dioxide (CO2).

In majic airplanes of course:) The semi-serious answer is that at the least you have to get very high up (Mauna Kea or the Atacama) in dry places to eliminate the water vapor, and if you want to look in the regions of the IR covered by the ozone and CO2 bands you need satellites

On investigation I've found that it is somewhat speculative as to whether the ozone creation or ozone destruction processes are most energised by high solar activity.

They are referring to a 1971 article written by climatologist Stephen Schneider, in which he did, indeed, make that prediction; however, as he himself now acknowledges, new evidence soon followed its publication that suggested that 1) the cooling impact of aerosols was not nearly as high as originally estimated and 2) there were many other gases in the atmosphere, including methane, CFCs and ozone, that had the same warming effect as carbon dioxide.

Their very high efficacy for land - use is the biggest contributor, closely followed by the slightly sub-unity efficacy of GHG, and then by the pretty low efficacy for ozone (broadly, half as important as LU).

In contrast, predictions made by the chemistry - climate models indicate that, as a consequence of ozone recovery — a factor largely ignored by IPCC models — the tropospheric winds in the Southern Hemisphere may actually decelerate in the high latitudes and move toward the equator, potentially reversing the direction of climate change in that hemisphere.

Also, how is aerosol formation affected over cities by high level of ozone and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN)?