Sentences with phrase «by hydrogen at»

It did not find a sudden decrease in the brightness of the light emitted by hydrogen at any point in that period, suggesting that re-ionisation did not occur suddenly (Nature, vol 468, p 796).

Not exact matches

Nikola plans to process its own hydrogen fuel at each station with on - site solar power, wind power or by buying electricity created through renewable sources such as hydropower.

Their reaction is created by colliding two plasma balls made of hydrogen atom cores at one million miles per hour.

Meanwhile, science can characterize the content of deuterium (a hydrogen nucleus with a proton and a neutron) to the usual quality limits by looking at a spectra from 1000 hydrogen atoms.

The psychological and social problems created by the «baby A-bombs» dropped on Japan are minor compared to the aftermath of a hydrogen Armageddon with an estimated 93 million Americans and at least that many Russians destroyed and much of the earth poisoned by radioactivity.

At the very bottom of the board we have the 92 simple chemical elements (from hydrogen to uranium) formed by groups of atomic nuclei together with their electrons.

The real demons are now the ones treated artificially — liquid fats that are manipulated to make them solid at room temperature by adding hydrogen (aka «hydrogenated») to create «trans fats.»

Remote observations of hydrogen atoms by NASA's Odyssey spacecraft in 2002 hinted that ice might be locked in the top metre of soil at lower latitudes.

Rampadarath explains: «Comparing the VLA images at radio wavelengths to Chandra's X-ray observations and the hydrogen - emission detected by Hubble, shows that features are not only connected, but that the radio outflows are in fact the progenitors of the structures seen by Chandra and Hubble.

Because all elements in the universe heavier than hydrogen, helium, and lithium have been forged by nuclear fusion in the cores of stars and then scattered into space by supernova explosions, the find indicates that the galaxy, at the age we're now observing it, was old enough for at least one generation of stars to have formed, lived, and died.

Mars loses its hydrogen by thermal escape at the top of the atmosphere.

That is not a surprise, given the map of hydrogen (a stand - in for water) generated by an instrument on the Mars Odyssey orbiting spacecraft and the presence of small amounts of water in younger Martian meteorites, notes Harry McSween at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville.

After electrochemical treatment with an organic acid and spin - coating with a polymer layer, the h - BN was electrochemically exfoliated by generating hydrogen bubbles at the rhodium surface.

Alternatively, the water at Cabeus may have been created when hydrogen atoms carried by the solar wind slammed into oxygen - rich materials in the lunar surface.

The United States followed in January 1958 with the 31 - pound satellite Explorer I. Even as the nascent U.S. space program focused on pint - size payloads, however, a research team at an obscure division of the General Dynamics Corporation was secretly drawing up plans for a monstrous 4,000 - ton spaceship that would be powered by the sequential explosions of thousands of hydrogen bombs and would ferry hundreds of astronauts at a time across the solar system.

So hydrogen could build up to the point at which when it fused, it would release an enormous burst of X-rays in addition to the regular stream of X-rays produced by the pulsar action.

Researchers are proposing a new «hydricity» concept aimed at creating a sustainable economy by not only generating electricity with solar energy but also producing and storing hydrogen from superheated water for round - the - clock power production.

Now, Jeffrey Hangst, an experimental physicist at Aarhus University in Denmark, and his 48 colleagues at the ALPHA collaboration at CERN have precisely measured the energy difference between antihydrogen's lowest energy state, called the 1S, and a higher energy state known as the 2S, by far the most precisely measured transition in ordinary hydrogen.

In particular, they are looking at the planet as it transits, seeking a telltale broadening of its planetary shadow due to starlight being absorbed by a hydrogen - rich atmosphere.

To their surprise, the ice bubbled like boiling water at temperatures between -210 C / -346 F and -120 C / -184 F. Analysis of the gas showed it to be hydrogen molecules, which the researchers believe were formed from methanol and ammonia broken up by UV irradiation.

Their inspiration was a compound with a molecular core consisting of a cube of eight carbon atoms studded with hydrogens, first synthesized in 1964 by Philip Eaton, an organic chemist at the University of Chicago, and his colleagues.

Electrolysis has a bright future, according to Shane Stephens, chief development officer and principal at FirstElement Fuel, a California - based startup that was awarded $ 28 million by the CEC to build 19 hydrogen stations throughout the state.

Research led by Sandia National Laboratories and the University of California, Merced aim at bringing down the cost of hydrogen fuel cells by using a dirt - cheap compound to create an uneven surface that resembles a plant's leaves.

Previously, researchers have produced hydrogen gas in microbial - powered, batterylike fuel cells, but only when they supplemented the energy produced by the bacteria with electrical energy from external sources — such as that obtained from renewable sources or burning fossil fuels, says Bruce Logan, an environmental engineer at Pennsylvania State University, University Park.

By looking at the chemistry of rocks deposited during that time period, specifically coupled carbon and sulfur isotope data, a research team led by University of California, Riverside biogeochemists reports that oxygen - free and hydrogen sulfide - rich waters extended across roughly five percent of the global ocean during this major climatic perturbation — far more than the modern ocean's 0.1 percent but much less than previous estimates for this evenBy looking at the chemistry of rocks deposited during that time period, specifically coupled carbon and sulfur isotope data, a research team led by University of California, Riverside biogeochemists reports that oxygen - free and hydrogen sulfide - rich waters extended across roughly five percent of the global ocean during this major climatic perturbation — far more than the modern ocean's 0.1 percent but much less than previous estimates for this evenby University of California, Riverside biogeochemists reports that oxygen - free and hydrogen sulfide - rich waters extended across roughly five percent of the global ocean during this major climatic perturbation — far more than the modern ocean's 0.1 percent but much less than previous estimates for this event.

California, which currently has 10 publicly available hydrogen fueling stations, recently approved more than $ 200 million in funding to build at least 100 fueling stations by 2025.

The experiment is the first major test of a piping system that could one day spew sulfate particles into the stratosphere at an altitude of 20 kilometers, supported by a stadium - size hydrogen balloon.

Units 1 and 3 have experienced explosions that destroyed exterior walls, apparently from buildups of hydrogen gas produced by the zirconium in the fuel rods reacting with coolant water at extremely high temperatures — but the interior containment vessels there thus far seem to be intact.

Hydrogen is another attractive by - product of wastewater, and some of Logan's research at Penn State involves looking into how to capture hydrogen to run fueHydrogen is another attractive by - product of wastewater, and some of Logan's research at Penn State involves looking into how to capture hydrogen to run fuehydrogen to run fuel cells.

When the researchers switched the electric current off by deoxygenating the water, thereby removing the electron acceptor at the sediment surface, the depth of the hydrogen sulfide layer in the sediment rose in less than an hour, as deeper microbes could no longer consume it.

So the bacteria evidently form a sort of conductive chain, comprising biological nanowires and possibly pyrite grains embedded in the mud, that allows electrons from the oxidation of hydrogen sulfide and carbon within the sediment to contribute to the reduction of oxygen by other microbes at the sediment surface.

At night the hydrogen and oxygen could be used by a fuel cell to generate electricity.

A study by researchers at Sandia National Laboratories concludes that a number of existing gas stations in California can safely store and dispense hydrogen, suggesting a broader network of hydrogen fueling stations may be within reach.

A recent report by Sandia National Laboratories asks whether hydrogen fuel can be accepted at any of the 70 California gas stations involved in the study, based on a new hydrogen technologies code.

A fuel cell converts chemical energy into electricity by reacting hydrogen and oxygen at two different electrodes.

The new work, by James Mitchell at the Harvard School of Public Health and colleagues, suggests that holding back calories causes cells to produce hydrogen sulfide, which somehow makes tissues more resilient and prolongs the life of laboratory organisms.

Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) seeks to create those conditions by taking a tiny capsule of fusion fuel (typically a mixture of the hydrogen isotopes deuterium and tritium) and crushing it at high speed using some form of «driver,» such as lasers, particle beams, or magnetic pulses.

The telescope — based at the US National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) in West Virginia — was tuned to a frequency of 1420 megahertz, the wavelength of radiation naturally emitted by hydrogen in space.

In 1953, Stanley Miller, then at the University of Chicago, was the first to synthesise amino acids by passing high voltages through a cocktail of ammonia, methane, hydrogen and water vapour.

But the small telescope may be better at looking even farther into the past than the larger arrays, allowing it to look at hydrogen atoms heated by the very first stars, Bowman says.

It did not find a sudden decrease in the brightness of the light emitted by neutral hydrogen atoms at any point in that period, suggesting that re-ionisation did not occur suddenly.

In fact, fully 25 percent of global hydrogen production is made by oil companies themselves at refineries to improve the quality of crude oil.

The faulty ring, made brittle by unusually cold weather at launch, allowed a jet of flame to ignite the hydrogen fuel in the external tank.

Just as the quartz crystal in a Swiss watch keeps time by vibrating at a steady frequency (about 32,000 cycles per second), the maser coaxes a supply of specially selected hydrogen atoms to emit radio waves at an unwavering 1.42 billion cycles per second.

Astronomers often search for gas by observing neutral hydrogen, which broadcasts radio waves at a wavelength of 21 centimetres.

Physicists at Ohio University observed similar evidence of symmetry violation by colliding neutrons and protons to form heavy hydrogen and pions.

Hydrogen trioxide is stable at low temperatures but begins to decompose slowly at -40 degreesC, forming so - called singlet oxygen, a high - energy form of the gas which can be detected by its reaction with dimethylanthracene.

A major new discovery by scientists at the universities of Oxford, Cambridge and Cardiff in the UK, and the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) in Saudi Arabia, has shown that hydrocarbon wax rapidly releases large amounts of hydrogen when activated with catalysts and microwaves.

Building on a 1981 proposal by three Russian theorists and more recent work that brought that proposal into the realm of possibility, the team first fired two lasers at hydrogen atoms inside a chamber, kicking off electrons at speeds and directions that depended on their underlying wave functions.

«Now that we know such large changes occur, we think of hydrogen escape from Mars less as a slow and steady leak and more as an episodic flow — rising and falling with season and perhaps punctuated by strong bursts,» said Michael Chaffin, a scientist at the University of Colorado at Boulder who is on the Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph (IUVS) team.