Sentences with phrase «by hypoxia in»

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The prone or side sleep position can increase the risk of rebreathing expired gases, resulting in hypercapnia and hypoxia.54, — , 57 The prone position also increases the risk of overheating by decreasing the rate of heat loss and increasing body temperature compared with infants sleeping supine.58, 59 Recent evidence suggests that prone sleeping alters the autonomic control of the infant cardiovascular system during sleep, particularly at 2 to 3 months of age, 60 and can result in decreased cerebral oxygenation.61 The prone position places infants at high risk of SIDS (odds ratio [OR]: 2.3 — 13.1).62, — , 66 However, recent studies have demonstrated that the SIDS risks associated with side and prone position are similar in magnitude (OR: 2.0 and 2.6, respectively) 63 and that the population - attributable risk reported for side sleep position is higher than that for prone position.65, 67 Furthermore, the risk of SIDS is exceptionally high for infants who are placed on their side and found on their stomach (OR: 8.7).63 The side sleep position is inherently unstable, and the probability of an infant rolling to the prone position from the side sleep position is significantly greater than rolling prone from the back.65, 68 Infants who are unaccustomed to the prone position and are placed prone for sleep are also at greater risk than those usually placed prone (adjusted OR: 8.7 — 45.4).63, 69,70 Therefore, it is critically important that every caregiver use the supine sleep position for every sleep period.

Now we know that changes in RNA of the cumulus cells triggered by aging - induced hypoxia, are the key messengers.

It is important to note that another study from the research group (the PlanHab Project), looking at whole - body exercise, found that hypoxia did in fact aggravate the impairment caused by microgravity alone.

In the right hand panel, the cells are grown in hypoxia and in the presence of doxyxyxlin, therefore the cyclic peptide inhibitor is produced and HIF - 1 is inhibited, as demonstrated by the absence of the red dotIn the right hand panel, the cells are grown in hypoxia and in the presence of doxyxyxlin, therefore the cyclic peptide inhibitor is produced and HIF - 1 is inhibited, as demonstrated by the absence of the red dotin hypoxia and in the presence of doxyxyxlin, therefore the cyclic peptide inhibitor is produced and HIF - 1 is inhibited, as demonstrated by the absence of the red dotin the presence of doxyxyxlin, therefore the cyclic peptide inhibitor is produced and HIF - 1 is inhibited, as demonstrated by the absence of the red dots.

Results of the study showed that increased lactate production was found by hyperpolarized MRI in areas of hypoxia, or low - oxygenation, and higher levels of FDG binding represented areas of hypermetabolic activity surrounding the hypoxic areas.

NOAA's National Ocean Service has been funding monitoring and research for the dead zone in the Gulf of Mexico since 1985 and currently oversees the NGOMEX program, the hypoxia research effort for the northern Gulf which is authorized by the Harmful Algal Bloom and Hypoxia Research and Contrhypoxia research effort for the northern Gulf which is authorized by the Harmful Algal Bloom and Hypoxia Research and ContrHypoxia Research and Control Act.

In the model, the severity of hypoxia is driven by a combination of physical factors such as the thickness of the dense, bottom layer of water during stratification, the degree of wind - driven vertical mixing, and the growth of phytoplankton induced by phosphorus loading.

In a series of cell - based studies, they showed that it both blocked a family of iron - containing, oxygen - sensing enzymes called hypoxia - inducible factor prolyl - hydroxylases (HIF - PHD) and, critically, protected neurons by activating genes that protect them from oxidative stress.

Scientists with the U.S. Geological Survey, the Illinois - Indiana Sea Grant and partners recently found that dead zones caused by hypoxia, the depletion of oxygen in water, are unexpectedly variable in Lake Erie, sometimes disappearing and reemerging elsewhere in the matter of hours.

«Significant impacts to the lake could result from incidental or accidental spills from 5,100 ships passing through every year; invasive species brought by transoceanic ships, which could threaten the extinction of aquatic plants and fish, such as the cichlids that have been evolving since the lake's formation; and frequent dredging, impacting aquatic life through alterations in turbidity and hypoxia, triggered by resuspension of nutrients and organic matter that exert a relatively high biochemical oxygen demand.»

The research, led by the University of Southampton and UCL, which took place on Mount Everest, assessed the mechanisms by which low oxygen levels in the body — known as hypoxia — are associated with the development of insulin resistance.

Evolution In recent years, athletes including cyclists have used drugs called HIF stabilizers (hypoxia inducible factor), an emerging class of kidney - disease drugs that stimulate the body's own production of EPO by activating genes to express EPO.

Planes are equipped with oxygen - monitoring sensors, but that may not help if the crew are already affected by hypoxia, says Thomas Smith at the University of Oxford, who specialises in aerospace medicine, or if they misinterpret the signals, as is thought to have occurred in the 2005 crash, says Daniel Rooney at the Institute of Aerospace Medicine in Cologne, Germany.

By testing the sensor on volunteers during a simulation in which oxygen levels were cut, the team was able to identify a set of VOCs signalling the onset of hypoxia.

Hypoxia is caused by excessive nutrient pollution, often from human activities such as agriculture that results in too little oxygen to support most marine life in bottom and near - bottom water.

Harris et al. [2] also provided evidence of the presence of retinal hypoxia in the early stages of diabetes by showing that contrast sensitivity was improved when patients with early diabetic retinopathy were made hyperoxic.

The study, «A Multi-Center Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Intermittent Hypoxia Therapy in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury (SCI),» is being conducted by an experienced team of scientists and clinicians at three leading SCI rehabilitation institutions: Shirley Ryan AbilityLab (lead investigator, William Zev Rymer, MD, PhD), Kessler Foundation (Gail Forrest, PhD; Steven Kirshblum, MD), and the University of Miami (Monica A. Perez, PT, PhD).

MicroRNA - 33b inhibits cell proliferation and glycolysis by targeting hypoxia - inducible factor - 1a in malignant melanoma.

Hypoxia was induced by placing rats in a large Plexiglas chamber in which oxygen content was maintained at 6 % — 7 % using a ProOx oxygen control module (Biospherix, Redfield, NY).

The implications of these data are that maternal treatment with antioxidants may provide possible therapy against the programming effects on vascular dysfunction in pregnancy complicated by fetal hypoxia, such as during placental insufficiency, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes or high altitude pregnancy.

Therefore, the primary novelty of the discoveries reported here is that programming by prenatal chronic hypoxia of cardiac and vascular dysfunction in adulthood follows the induction of oxidative stress in the fetal heart and vasculature, and that cardiac and endothelial dysfunction in adulthood can both be prevented by maternal treatment with antioxidants during pregnancy.

In most cases, hypoxia is caused by either a dysfunction of the retinal vasculature, as in diabetic retinopathy and retinal artery and vein occlusions, or it is due to a mismatch between nutrient supply and demand, as in the case of a retinal detachment, where the retina is separated too far from the choroid to receive sufficient oxygeIn most cases, hypoxia is caused by either a dysfunction of the retinal vasculature, as in diabetic retinopathy and retinal artery and vein occlusions, or it is due to a mismatch between nutrient supply and demand, as in the case of a retinal detachment, where the retina is separated too far from the choroid to receive sufficient oxygein diabetic retinopathy and retinal artery and vein occlusions, or it is due to a mismatch between nutrient supply and demand, as in the case of a retinal detachment, where the retina is separated too far from the choroid to receive sufficient oxygein the case of a retinal detachment, where the retina is separated too far from the choroid to receive sufficient oxygen.

There have been several recent reports in which some of the same transcripts have been altered by hypoxia or manipulations involving hypoxia.

Hypoxia is also implicated in glaucoma by the finding of elevated hypoxia - inducible factHypoxia is also implicated in glaucoma by the finding of elevated hypoxia - inducible facthypoxia - inducible factor [9].

Most of the genes that were upregulated during hypoxia in our study are not known to be controlled by HIF - 1.

For microarray and qRT — PCR measurements (i.e., all molecular measurements except those for HIF - 1α message and protein), animals were sacrificed by decapitation without anesthesia either immediately following 3 h of hypoxia or following a 24 h post-hypoxia recovery period in normal air.

New models of perinatal hypoxia were developed in rats with emphasis on the potential protective effect of pre-conditioning by a previous fetal hypoxic period.

Publication: A novel injectable BRET - based in vivo imaging probe for detecting the activity of hypoxia - inducible factor regulated by the ubiquitin - proteasome system.

Expression of angiopoietin - 1 in hypoxic pericytes: regulation by hypoxia - inducible factor - 2alpha and participation in endothelial cell migration and tube formation.

These results provide the validity to the newly developed hypoxia / reoxygenation culture system for examining the regulation of CSCs in breast cancer cell lines by niche factors in the tumor microenvironment and developing differential targeting strategies to eradicate breast CSCs.

These findings strongly suggest that we have succeeded in isolating a unique metastatic CSC population by exposing breast cancer cells to repetitive cycles of hypoxia and reoxygenation.

A major aspect of this process is the production of multiple angiogenic cytokines and growth factors in response to hypoxia / ischemia, which is mediated by the transcription factor HIF - 1 (hypoxia - inducible factor 1).

Quantitative analysis of Snail and vimentin protein expression by Western blotting revealed a 3 - to 4-fold increase in nuclear Snail expression and an 8 - to 9-fold increase in vimentin expression in the MDA - MB 231 F3 and BCM2 F3 cells compared with the parental and hypoxia - exposed A3 subpopulations (Figure 6c).

It was reported, for example, that CSC state could be maintained by overexpressing hypoxia - inducible transcription factor (HIF2α) in glioma cell lines [40].

The percentage of CSCs in the cycling hypoxia selected subpopulation was analyzed based on the CD44, CD24, ESA, and E-cadherin expression by three - color flow cytometry.

Furthermore, we found that the stem - like and EMT phenotypes observed in the cycling hypoxia - selected subpopulation are not reversible, because we obtained the same molecular profile from this subpopulation by culturing them as spherical cultures for several months in normal oxygen content and culturing them as adherent cells (Figure S2 in Additional file 2).

Stephen Alexander, UK - Cannabinoid receptors, transporters, endocannabinoid turnover, hydrogen sulphide turnover Arthur Christopoulos, Australia (GPCRs Liaison)- G protein - coupled receptors; analytical pharmacology; allosteric modulation; biased agonism; drug discovery; neuropharmacology John Cidlowski, USA (NHRs Liaison)- Glucocorticoid receptor signaling; apoptosis and the immune system Anthony P. Davenport, UK (Chair Evolving Pharmacology, GPCRs Liaison) Doriano Fabbro, Switzerland - Kinases and their biology, kinase inhibitors, drug discovery, pharmacology of drugs (kinase inhibitors) in the indication oncology, biology of oncology Kozo Kaibuchi, Japan Yoshikatsu Kanai, Japan - Transporters, amino acid signals, epithelial function, cancer biology Francesca Levi - Schaffer, Israel - eosinophils and mast cells as effector cells in allergic inflammation: characterization of new receptors / ligands, hypoxia / angiogenesis and eosinophils, asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, immunopharmacological modulation of allergic diseases by bispecific recombinant antibodies, bacteria interactions with eosinophils and mast cells, the allergic effector unit, mast cell derived tumors: new antibody based treatment, the allergic inflammation and the resolvome, non IgE - mediated mast cell activation in diseases Eliot H. Ohlstein, USA (Editor)- Drug discovery and development, urogenital biology, cardiovascular / metabolic medicine John A. Peters, UK (LGICs Liaison) Alex Phipps, UK - Oncology, Clinical Pharmacology, Biologics and Immunotherapy Joerg Striessnig, Austria (VGICs Liaison)- Physiology, pharmacology and pathophysiological role of voltage-gated calcium channels

It is possible that Notch regulation by estrogen is context dependent, but our data clearly show that hypoxia activates estrogen signaling, resulting in increased Notch1 cleavage and activation of downstream targets.

One way in which this is done is by blocking hypoxia - induced angiogenesis.

Inhibition of ecto - 5» - nucleotidase by α,β - methylene ADP (AOPCP) in the whole CB preparation in vitro reduced basal discharge frequency by 76 ± 5 % and reduced sensory activity throughout graded hypoxia.

The aims of this study, therefore, were to assess the effects of hypoxia on breast CSC in cell lines and primary samples and to elucidate the mechanism by which these changes take place.

Regulation of mTOR function in response to hypoxia by REDD1 and the TSC1 / TSC2 tumor suppressor complex

AOPCP also modified cardiovascular responses to hypoxia, as evidenced by reduced elevations in heart rate and exaggerated changes in femoral vascular conductance and mean arterial blood pressure.

We hypothesised that breast CSC numbers would be altered in hypoxia via dedifferentiation of non-CSC or by expansion of the CSC subpopulation.

Mouse fetal development is perturbed by culture in low oxygen concentration that increases expression of oxygen - sensitive genes via hypoxia inducible factors: A non-epigenetic embryonic programming phenomenon?

91 Normal functioning of adipose tissue is often (but not exclusively) impaired in obesity 91 and can be characterized by excessive hypertrophic adipocyte growth, elevated macrophage infiltration, hypoxia and dysregulated lipid storage.92

In a study involving rats, researchers discovered that young male rats respond to normal episodes of hypoxia, or brief periods of oxygen deprivation, during sleep by increasing brain activity to take deeper and more frequent breaths.

In addition, scientists could benefit by using common definitions for hypoxia, suboxia, and anoxia (Hofmann et al., 2011).

In addition to this natural variability, humans have perturbed climate by increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, which have increased ocean temperatures, water column stratification, hypoxia, and water column anoxia and have decreased surface ocean pH [6], [7].

Brain injury, heart attack, and strokes all have one thing in common: cell death caused by hypoxia.