Sentences with phrase «by ice flow»

Others soon showed that these measurements, made near the bottom of the core, were distorted by ice flow that stirred together layers from warm and cold periods.

The layers from the previous warm period were down near bedrock, distorted by ice flow, and here the two groups» cores gave divergent results.

«Ice shelf melt doesn't necessarily mean an ice shelf is decaying; it can be compensated by the ice flow from the continent,» Rignot said.

«Ice shelf melt can be compensated by ice flow from the continent,» Rignot said.

Methanogens are common on Earth in places devoid of oxygen, such as in the rumens of cows, and could easily have been scraped up by ice flowing over the swampy subglacial soil and incorporated into some of the bottom layers of ice.

Whales would surface beside our kayaks, leopard seals would ignore us as we floated by their ice flows, penguins would peck at our legs when we explored the sea shore and the icebergs and glaciers were huge.

Not exact matches

Howat and his team were able to figure this out by creating high - resolution topographic models of the glaciers and their boundaries, as well as a numerical model of exactly how much water was flowing off these coastal glaciers and ice caps — technology that wasn't available back in 1996.

Stewart Jamieson from Durham University in England and his colleagues made the discovery by looking for subtle changes in the ice sheet's surface shapes, developed as a result of ice flowing over diverse topography.

Once on that lowland, the bergs are carried along by the slow - flowing nitrogen ice, often ending up clumped together in large groups (such as the 60 - km - long Challenger Colles, upper right, a feature whose name honors the seven astronauts who died onboard space shuttle Challenger in 1986).

A study published in 2011 by Scambos, Truffer and Pettit found that one glacier continues to accelerate even 15 years after losing its ice shelf: Röhss Glacier (which used to flow into the Prince Gustav ice shelf) has now reached nine times its former speed.

Like Alaska's mighty Yukon, a broad river once flowed across Antarctica, following a gentle valley shaped by tectonic forces at a time before the continent became encased in ice.

The digitized data extend the record of changes at the bottom of the ice sheet, such as the formation of channels as Antarctica's ice flows, by more than two decades.

Current simulations suggest that the truncated ice shelf will react to this change by flowing faster into the ocean, which will also lead to more calving.

Beneath a glacier in the Transantarctic Mountains some 12 million years ago, the downhill flow of a massive, growing reservoir of meltwater was restrained by walls of ice.

Today, as warming waters caused by climate change flow underneath the floating ice shelves in Pine Island Bay, the Antarctic Ice Sheet is once again at risk of losing mass from rapidly retreating glacieice shelves in Pine Island Bay, the Antarctic Ice Sheet is once again at risk of losing mass from rapidly retreating glacieIce Sheet is once again at risk of losing mass from rapidly retreating glaciers.

Huygens came to rest in what looked to be a floodplain strewn with «stones» of water ice polished smooth by flows of liquid methane, and it touched down with a crunch that suggested its slushy landing site was covered in a frozen glaze — a bit like crème brûlée.

Since a thinner ice shell retains less heat, the tidal effects caused by Saturn on the large fractures in the ice at the south pole are no longer enough to explain the strong heat flow affecting this region.

All told, if the eastern and western Antarctic ice shelves were to melt completely, they would raise sea levels by as much as 230 feet (70 meters); the collapse of smaller shelves like Larsen B has sped up the flow of glaciers behind them into the sea, contributing to the creeping up of high tide levels around the world.

But because the surrounding ocean would have been warmer, and stabilizing sea ice less abundant, the massive East Antarctic ice sheet may have contributed to higher sea levels by flowing more quickly towards the ocean.

Around 11,000 years ago, as the last ice sheets retreated from Norway and the Norwegian Sea, Atlantic water flowed in and warmed the bottom by about 9 degrees Fahrenheit.

By lubricating the bedrock, it will speed the flow of the overlying ice, perhaps increasing the rate of ice - mass loss in West Antarctica.

Davis likens the technique to flying over a frozen river where you can see static patterns formed by the ice while also detecting flowing liquid water — and doing it over and over through the spring as the frozen waterway gradually melts.

The pair then went over alternative explanations for the distribution pattern, such as erosion by wind or burial under material flowing from ice volcanoes.

According to Pappalardo, Greenberg's results can be explained by flows of warmer ice like those found in glaciers on Earth.

Mouginot et al. report that between 2002 and 2014, the area covered by the glacier's ice shelf shrank by 95 %; since 1999, the glacier's flow rate has nearly doubled; and its acceleration increased threefold in the fall of 2012.

Not only are ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica breaking up faster than scientists expected, but more of their melt water is flowing into oceans, he said, which will raise sea levels by 3.3 feet (1 meter) by 2100.

They discovered potentially revelatory harmonic properties of ice quakes, which are minor rumbles produced when cracks in the ice are reshaped by water flowing through them.

An assemblage of small hills in the region also appears to be debris left behind by slowly flowing glacial ice.

Ice heated by the eruption forms what may currently be the greatest flow of freshwater on Earth.

On the other hand, if the ice shell is sufficiently thick, the less intense interior heat can be transferred to warmer ice at the bottom of the shell, with additional heat generated by tidal flexing of the warmer ice which can slowly rise and flow as do glaciers do on Earth; this slow but steady motion may also disrupt the extremely cold, brittle ice at the surface to produce the chaos regions.

The new images are intriguing NASA astronomers with views of flows of nitrogen ice spreading from mountains onto flat plains, possible dune regions, and networks of valleys carved into Pluto's surface by as yet unknown materials.

The recent flyby of Pluto by NASA's New Horizons spacecraft revealed the distant planet to be a surprisingly active world, replete with geologically recent flows of nitrogen ice that may be r...

Some scientists assessing the recent acceleration of ice flows propose that the rates of increase can't be sustained long enough to get a truly disastrous rise in seas by 2100 from a warming Greenland.

Merry, C.J. and I.M. Whillans (1993) Ice - flow features on ice stream B, Antarctica, revealed by SPOT HRV imagery, Journal of Glaciology, vIce - flow features on ice stream B, Antarctica, revealed by SPOT HRV imagery, Journal of Glaciology, vice stream B, Antarctica, revealed by SPOT HRV imagery, Journal of Glaciology, vol.

«If the structure is indeed the result of the 2004 impact, we would expect it to have undergone about 10 years of alteration by processes such as snow accumulation, erosion by the wind, and deformation by the flow of the ice shelf itself.»

But the IPCC specifically excluded the mechanism able to produce the biggest amounts of water quickly - acceleration in the flow of ice from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, the world's two major ice masses that would between them raise sea levels by about 70m if they completely melted.

The ice streams in Antarctica will be flowing rapidly due to basal sliding — so it is incorrect to say that all glaciers are flowing by internal deformation only.

Major increases would have to be fuelled by a faster flow of glaciers on the Greenland or Antarctic ice sheets.

Much more interesting are the three distinct types of mineral flow across the landscape, produced by the movement of ice - rich material, landslides or blankets of ejected particles following impact into ice - rich material.

Complex ice stream flow revealed by sequential satellite imagery.

Ice flow sped up by a factor of 4 to 5 times in the source glaciers to the Larsen C ice shelf after it collapsed for instanIce flow sped up by a factor of 4 to 5 times in the source glaciers to the Larsen C ice shelf after it collapsed for instanice shelf after it collapsed for instance.

The Be: Wise project aims to improve understanding of ice - shelf flow dynamics by focusing on the buttressing role of ice rises and pinning points — small offshore mountains which...

Dan, I know virtually nothing about ice sheet dynamics but even I can understand that, even assuming no lubrification or sliding at the base, lateral ice flow is not going to be caused by the weight of the ice at the center.

The ice shelf around Pine Island Glacier is currently thinning, and it is warmed from below by Circumpolar Deep Water that flows onto the continental shelf22, 23.

That's actually a small number compared with Antarctica's total annual ice flow — about 2,000 billion tons a year — most of which is replenished by precipitation.

Mars's gullies may be formed by dry ice processes rather than flowing liquid water, as previously thought.

As with all pets kept outdoors, make sure your horse's water is still flowing by breaking up and removing ice from it.

The current flow speeds at the terminus are too fast to be caused solely by internal deformation of the ice, implying that an increase in basal sliding forced by additional meltwater production is the probable cause of the velocity increases.

As I understand it some of the flow is salinity driven and was interrupted in the recent past by a huge influx of fresh water from an ice dam breaking.

Runoff from steep ice - cliffs, or through subglacial flow driven by water percolating through pores or fractures, will convert a high fraction of melting into ablation.