Sentences with phrase «by ice sheet»

The distant or «erratic» component must have been delivered by the ice sheet.

The report warns that continued burning of fossil fuels to increase living standards while expecting humanity to adapt to climate change and mitigate its effects through better technologies «fails to appreciate the nature of the threat posed by ice sheet instability and sea level rise.

These CO2 amounts are smaller than suggested by ice sheet / climate models, providing further indication that the ice sheet models are excessively lethargic, i.e. resistant to climate change.

Clearly, to simulate ice sheet retreat, simulated oceans must change their vertical and horizontal extents as the ocean invades the space occupied by the ice sheet and receives meltwater from the glacier.

They analyzed the relationship between the growth of the algae and the amount of light being reflected by the ice sheet surface.

The textbooks, noting the age of old moraines plowed up by the ice sheet frontiers, would have said the ice ages went back about 800,000 years.

However the deformation of the solid Earth by ice sheet loading is so extensive that both the elastic crust and plastic mantle are involved.

From my limited perspective two of the strongest arguments against AGW are the LOD problem and the fact that only ice sheet extension (hence, temperature) explains the correlation between Milankovitch Cycles and CO2 fluctuations in the ice cores; that is, T forces CO2 or both are forced in tandem by ice sheet extension.

for article Abrupt glacial climate shifts controlled by ice sheet changes.

This seems a bit odd giving an answer that ice sheet changes are caused by ice sheet changes as if some circular reasoning hasn't been resolved.

Groove marks scoured in bedrock by this ice sheet now hold one fifth of the entire planets fresh lake water in the Great Lakes of the northeastern United States.

The estimates of ice loss also helped them calculate the amount of sea level rise contributed by the ice sheet prior to 1990 — a number missing from the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report because of the lack of direct observations.

Does it mean that transient climate response (as expressed by ice sheet or see - ice melting among other events) to GHGs is not so far from equilibrium climate sensitivity?

«During the last ice age around 20,000 years ago, large parts of Canada were covered by an ice sheet.

The equipment captured images of the seafloor, including geological formations created by the ice sheet.

What is now Lake Whillans was probably covered and uncovered by the ice sheet dozens of times as the climate swung back and forth over the past 20 million years.

The paper also describes an atmosphere - ocean modeling study of feedback loops caused by ice sheet melting under 2 °C conditions.

We do estimate that an area of hydrocarbon reserves twice the size of Russia was directly influenced by ice sheets during past glaciation.

Some of the variation the researchers found likely dates back to isolation of different Hermit Thrushes populations by ice sheets during the Pleistocene era, while differences between the two western groups may relate to body size, with larger birds producing lower - frequency songs.

At the last glacial maximum (20,000 yrs ago), forcings by ice sheets, vegetation, greenhouse gases and dust loading are estimated to be around -7 W / m2, and that sustained a climate 5 to 6 degrees cooler than present.

In two previous postings, we discussed how both satellite and thermometer measurements document the extremely cold regions of Antarctic that are covered by ice sheets, and the fact that for the lost 30 years those areas have experienced a slight cooling.

A leading theory, presented by Dr. Bill McGuire, Hugh Tuffin, J. Maclennan, Peter Huybers and many others is that changes in stress to the Earth's crust caused by the loss of billions of tons of mass by ice sheets and the displacement of those billions of tons into the world's ocean system spurred previously stable magma systems into a chaotic displacement.

«Thus the equatorial cities are the most effected by both ice sheets.

Not exact matches

In» The Inferno,» Dante tells of his imagined journey into hell, his entry into a» kingdom of eternal night» where he hears the voices of the damned rise» in a bestial moan» and sees sinners stung by wasps, burnt by falling fire and frozen in a sheet of ice.

Additionally, ice sheets are sometimes affected by increased ocean temperatures that literally undermine the ice sheets and melt them from below.

Every year in the central area of the Greenland Ice Sheet a layer of ice is created separated by a line of duIce Sheet a layer of ice is created separated by a line of duice is created separated by a line of dust.

This time I created steam in my oven by putting ice cubes on a hot cookie sheet on the bottom rack of my oven as the bread was rising.

Working quickly so the dough doesn't get warm, drop the batter by the quarter cup using two large spoons or a 2 - inch ice cream scoop about 1 1/2 - inches apart on the prepared baking sheet.

1) Mix flour, butter and icing sugar in a bowl using two knives to cut the butter until the mixture resembles fine breadcrumbs 2) Add in the egg yolks and vanilla extracts and mix well, then add iced water until the dough starts to come together 3) Shape the dough into a ball on a cool, flat, floured surface 4) Flatten dough into a disc and then wrap in plastic wrap, and chill in the refrigerator for at least 30 minutes 5) Meanwhile, peel, core and slice the apples into as thin slices as possible 6) Mix sugar and ground cinnamon powder with sliced apples and let it rest for a while 7) Pre-heat oven to 180 deg cel 8) Once dough has chilled, roll pastry dough on a sheet of parchment paper until it has expanded to the size of the tart mold (I used a rough mold the size of a large pizza) 9) Leaving at least an inch of dough free, arrange apple slices by overlapping them slightly in the shape of a circle, starting from the outermost part of the circle, until you reach the inside 10) Fold the edges of dough over the filling and then sprinkle the dough with a bit of sugar 11) Bake for about 40 - 45 minutes, or until the crust is golden brown and the apples are soft 12) Serve warm, with a side of whipped cream or ice cream (optional)

Using a mini ice cream scoop or by heaping tablespoonfuls, drop the dough onto the prepared sheet pan leaving 2 - 3 inches in between to allow the cookies to spread.

Things I changed: - cut the sugar by about half, using mostly dark brown sugar for the molasses kick - scratched the nutmeg and allspice but added about 1/3 extra of all of the other spices and also added nearly a tsp of ground cardamon - replaced the veggie oil with melted leaf lard - scratched the raisins - baked it on a deep sheet for only ~ 20 minutes - just barely until firm to the touch - then cut that sheet into three layers - replaced the icing with my own 16 ounce cream cheese, 8 ounce butter, ~ 6 ounce heavy cream, ~ 5 ounce honey, 1 tsp vanilla combo - toasted the coconut before dressing the cake.

It's topped by velvety chocolate ice cream, and then by sheets of crackly dark chocolate.

Scoop the dough by the heaping tablespoon (an overfull # 70 ice cream scoop is ideal here, but two spoons work well, too) onto the prepared baking sheet, leaving about 1 1/2 - inches between pieces.

While the rink is a simple wintertime joy for young children, teens on a first date and state workers looking for a mid-day getaway, maintaining the 123 - foot - by -112-foot sheet of ice requires a lot more science — and thermodynamics is just one necessary subsection — than just figuring out where to aim a garden hose to build the ice back up.

The newly discovered exposure of ice on steep banks suggests that the Red Planet's ice sheets are buried by just a meter or two of soil, researchers report in Science January 12.

According to the Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS), an NSF Science and Technology Center led by the University of Kansas, the melt from Greenland's ice sheet contributes to global sea level rise at a rate of 0.52 millimeters annualIce Sheets (CReSIS), an NSF Science and Technology Center led by the University of Kansas, the melt from Greenland's ice sheet contributes to global sea level rise at a rate of 0.52 millimeters annualice sheet contributes to global sea level rise at a rate of 0.52 millimeters annually.

«Statistics and the Future of the Antarctic Ice Sheet» by Haran, Chang, Keller, Nicholas, and Pollard

Following the maxim of keeping everything as simple as possible, but not simpler, Will Steffen from the Australian National University and I drew up an Anthropocene equation by homing in on the rate of change of Earth's life support system: the atmosphere, oceans, forests and wetlands, waterways and ice sheets and fabulous diversity of life.

The Earth's climate system is characterised by complex interactions between the atmosphere, oceans, ice sheets, landmasses and the biosphere (parts of the world with plant and animal life).

Today, Antarctica is fringed by floating sheets of ice that grow in winter and shrink in summer.

«The widespread loss of Antarctic ice shelves, driven by a warming ocean or warming atmosphere, could spell disaster for our coastlines — and there is sound geological evidence that supports what the models are telling us,» said Robert M. DeConto of the University of Massachusetts Amherst, a co-author of the study and one of the developers of the ice - sheet model used.

Usually, narwhals will escape natural predators such as killer whales by stealthily slipping under ice sheets or huddling in spots too shallow for their pursuers, Williams says.

Stewart Jamieson from Durham University in England and his colleagues made the discovery by looking for subtle changes in the ice sheet's surface shapes, developed as a result of ice flowing over diverse topography.

The findings indicate the ice sheets are less stable than previously thought, and could be strongly affected by climate change.

This water pump can be put out of action or weakened by changes in the freshwater pressure, the ice sheet breaking up or shifting sea ice and this results in the increasing climatic variability.

Scientists may also become able to distinguish between different scenarios sooner by studying the physics of local ice - sheet changes and refining reconstructions of changes during warm periods in geological history.

They then compared each year's loss with that calculated from readings by the GRACE satellite, which «weighs» the ice sheet by measuring its gravity.

The icebergs that find their way into the paths of transatlantic liners come down from the coast of Greenland; for the interior of Greenland is a huge ice sheet fringed by mountains and promontories.

Computer model simulations have suggested that ice - sheet melting through warm water incursions could initiate a collapse of the WAIS within the next few centuries, raising global sea - level by up to 3.5 metres.»

They describe the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) as having experienced significant and sustained ice loss until 7,500 years ago, driven by warm water incursioIce Sheet (WAIS) as having experienced significant and sustained ice loss until 7,500 years ago, driven by warm water incursioice loss until 7,500 years ago, driven by warm water incursions.