Sentences with phrase «by immune cells for»

Resolvin D - 1 is a bioactive mediator produced by immune cells for cell - to - cell signaling, and it is part of the natural innate immune response that resolves inflammation.

Not exact matches

We found that: a) lactation stage must be defined biochemically (such as Na: K ratio), not by day of lactation, b) lactation stage influences RNA quality, quantity, and potential immune cell contamination, c) immediate processing and hard, fast centrifugation yield better quality RNA, and d) additional washing of the milk fat layer is not necessary for the analysis of mature milk samples and does not decrease immune cell contamination in colostrum samples.

In the present study, the researchers have discovered a reason for reduced fertility in people with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS1), which increases the risk of developing autoimmune disease (caused by the immune system attacking and damaging healthy cells) and which is often used as a model for autoimmune disease in general.

The researchers then tested a drug FDA - approved for treatment of multiple sclerosis, which acts by preventing certain immune cells from leaving lymph nodes for sites of inflammation.

These are receptors on immune cells, which control for example effector T - cells by dampening their activation if damage to healthy cells is imminent.

NKp46 was critical for the subsequent development of antiviral and antibacterial T cell responses, which suggests that the regulation of NK cell function by NKp46 allows for the optimal development of adaptive immune responses.

«We found that a protein expressed by gut bacteria called Bacteroides works to prevent IBD by rapidly recruiting white blood cells to kill a cell of the immune system that is responsible for orchestrating IBD,» says McCoy.

Common wisdom in this field had held that the endothelial cells must help immune cells squeeze through by contracting themselves like small muscles, but the present study found no evidence for such contraction - based help.

The so - called STEP trial, sponsored by pharmaceutical giant Merck & Co. and the federally funded HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN), was the first to test the idea of stimulating the immune system's killer T cells to hunt for the virus more aggressively, in this case using a weakened form of the cold virus to carry three genes from HIV.

Although such harvested cells could be cultured as say, liver cells for treating hepatitis or dopamine - producing cells for Parkinson's, the resulting transplants would likely be rejected by patients» immune systems.

Using cells from cadavers, doctors have been experimentally transplanting pancreatic islets into humans for decades, but as many as 60 percent of the transplanted islets die immediately because they are cut off from their blood supply and are killed by an immune response due to direct injection into the bloodstream, and those that survive the transplant usually die within several months.

Immunologist Ralph Steinman was honored today by the Nobel Committee for his discovery of dendritic cells, a class of immune cells that help rally the body's natural defenses to fight disease.

«A personalised immunotherapy was prepared for each patient by taking a sample of their blood and extracting a particular type of immune cell called dendritic cells.

«Our studies imply that the change of oxygen levels in different tissues can be sensed by Treg cells and that this process is critically important for maintaining the correct balance between activation and suppression of the immune system,» says Liu.

An animal's immune system detects foreign cells by scanning for proteins, called antigens, that stick out from the surface of each cell.

To better determine the role of specific chemoattractants in type III hypersensitivity, lead author Yoshishige Miyabe, MD, PhD, a research fellow in Luster's lab, used multiphoton intravital microscopy — an imaging technology pioneered for studies of immune cell movements in living animals by CIID investigator and co-author Thorsten Mempel, MD, PhD — to follow in real time the development of IC - induced arthritis in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis.

But in males, as sperm only appear at puberty, they may be mistaken for foreign cells by certain elements of the immune system.

UC in May 2012 filed a patent for Doudna, Emmanuelle Charpentier (then of Umeå University in Sweden), and their colleagues for their discovery that CRISPR, an immune system used by bacteria, could serve as a genome - editing tool in any type of cell.

The reason for the reduced glucose levels associated with bacterial meningitis was believed to be the need for glucose as fuel by infiltrating immune cells in response to infection.

«We found that expression of glucose transporters is completely shut down by bacteria, leaving insufficient fuel for the immune cells to fight off the infection,» said the study's first author, Subramanian Krishnan, PhD, of the Division of Infectious Diseases at CHLA.

In a decades - long game of hide and seek, scientists from Sydney's Westmead Institute for Medical Research have confirmed for the very first time the specific immune memory T - cells where infectious HIV «hides» in the human body to evade detection by the immune system.

But this information is vital for scientists who are trying to design vaccines to protect against sexual transmission because inside cells, the virus may go undetected by the immune system.

The lingering of the fetal DNA, research suggests, may be a mixed blessing for a mom: The cells may benefit the mother's health — by promoting tissue repair and improving the immune system — but may also cause adverse effects, such as autoimmune reactions.

«This remodeling process of the cell proteome by autophagy is an important immune - suppressive survival mechanism for Ras - driven cancers, and inhibiting autophagy can provide a means to target these aggressive cancers,» notes White, who is also a distinguished professor of molecular biology and biochemistry at Rutgers School of Arts and Sciences.

Combining their strategy with an existing immunotherapy treatment that works by releasing the «brakes» on immune cells, they found they could shrink melanoma tumors, and prolong survival in preclinical models for melanoma.

For many scientists, the clinical promise of stem cells has been dampened by very real concerns that the immune system will reject the transplanted cells before they could render any long - term benefit.

But if the immune system is indeed attacking the corneal protein identified by the Cantor group, the discovery could «in principle allow us to disrupt or arrest this component» of the attack, says M. Reza Dana, an ophthalmologist and ocular immunologist at Harvard Medical School, perhaps by inactivating the specific set of immune cells responsible for it.

However, such tumor cells display unusual antigens that are either inappropriate for the cell type or its environment, and can thus be recognized by the body's immune system.

When challenged by a toxin or infection, the immune system screens this population for a match, then swiftly multiplies the clonal cell line that produces the matching antibody.

Understanding which cytokines are best for monitoring inflammation and immunosuppression, and knowing which are secreted by different immune cell types at each stage of maturation and activation, will provide essential insights into disease treatment options.

Because the antigens were the only possible source of TB exposure, Dr. Srivastava says, antigen transfer from infected dendritic cells had to be the avenue for their absorption by other immune system cells in the lymph nodes.

The gene codes for an immune receptor on red blood cells; lack of that receptor prevents infection by Plasmodium vivax, a species of the malaria parasite.

An international group of researchers led by Professor Christoph Hess from the Department of Biomedicine at the University of Basel and University Hospital Basel have now found a structure that accounts for the rapid immunologic memory of particular immune cells (CD8 + memory T cells): these important memory cells form multiple connections between mitochondria — the powerhouses of cells — and the endoplasmic reticulum, the site of protein production.

«Our study shows a whole new route, or bypass mechanism, for triggering the body's adaptive immune response to TB infection, a means by which infected dendritic cells cooperate with uninfected dendritic cells to activate T cells and respond to the infection,» says infectious disease specialist and study senior investigator Joel Ernst, MD, a professor at NYU Langone Medical Center.

Two types of vaccines were used for the study: one constructed with genetically engineered DNA molecules that teach immune system cells to recognize premalignant cells expressing HPV16 E7 proteins, and one that is a non-infectious, engineered virus that targets and kills precancerous cells marked by HPV16 and HPV18 E6 and E7 proteins.

In their latest study, researchers at La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology identified a key signal that drives the commitment of immature Tfh cells into fully functional Tfh cells and thus driving the step - by - step process that results in a precisely tailored and effective immune response.

Several previous studies have explored whether drugs can shock cells that are infected with latent HIV to make new viruses, setting them up for the kill by the natural immune response.

«New potential cause for Alzheimer's: Arginine deprivation caused by overconsumption by immune cells.»

These would act as a substitute for the insulin - producing cells that are destroyed by the immune systems of people with type 1 diabetes.

After all, that would seem to offer a neat explanation for how HIV causes the collapse of the immune system by suppressing T cells.

Tumors escape from the fighter T - cells that would otherwise attack them, by tricking the immune system and making an environment ripe for tumor growth.

The research, published online May 26 by Nature Immunology, shows that GATA - 3 is required for the maintenance and function of CD8 + T - cells, a T - cell type mediating the immune response to clear pathogens, eradicate tumors and promote inflammation.

For example, he's designing nanoparticles that bait specific immune system cells by displaying certain features on their surface; inside, the nanoparticles contain an antigen of a particular microbe.

A new study by researchers at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center — Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute (OSUCCC — James) provides evidence that genetically modifying immune cells might effectively treat multiple myeloma, a disease that remains incurable and will account for an estimated 24,000 new cases and 11,100 deaths in 2014

They used the gene - editing CRISPR / Cas9 technique to sift the genomes of melanoma cells for changes that made tumors resistant to being killed by immune T cells, which are the main actors in the immune system response against infections and cancer cells.

Currently, investigators around the world are experimenting with restoring the immune cells responsible for keeping CMV in check by transplanting those specific anti-viral cells from healthy donors — a type of immunotherapy.

Researchers led by Van Allen and Choueiri sought an explanation for why some patients with a form of metastatic kidney cancer called clear cell renal cell cancer (ccRCC) gain clinical benefit — sometimes durable — from treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors that block the PD - 1 checkpoint, while other patients don't.

Estes, who works with virologist Jeffrey Lifson, has also developed a DNAscope to visualize this HIV DNA — called the provirus — which becomes integrated into human cells and can persist for decades without being attacked by the immune system or antiretroviral (ARV) drugs.

For example, scientists could engineer T cells, sentinels of the immune system, with genetic circuits that initiate a response to wipe out tumors when they detect the presence of two or three «biomarkers» produced by cancer cells, Lu says.

Studies in rodents have suggested that iPSC - derived cells used for transplantation may be rejected by the body's immune system.