Building on that work, the current paper looked at a less lethal strain, the H1N1 «swine flu,» that does not infect neurons, but which, the researchers showed, still caused inflammation in the brain via inflammatory chemicals or cytokines released
by immune cells involved in fighting the infection.
Not exact matches
The function of these genes were
involved in molecular maintenance strategies, such as DNA repair, chromosomal maintenance,
immune response and programmed
cell death The authors argue that the «slower rate of change in these functions is consistent with increased constraint on somatic
cell maintenance as would be required in these relatively long - lived and large - bodied mammals, illustrated
by the additional large and long - lived species with slower rates in these genes (e.g. double - strand break repair gene XRCC4 is also highly constrained in elephant.»
Particularly prominent in the RNA - Seq analysis was the up - regulation of a number of granzymes, a group of proteinases secreted
by immune cells that were originally thought to be
involved in killing (via apoptosis) virus infected
cells or other target
cells.
In laboratory studies, daratumumab caused the targeted killing of CD38 - carrying tumor
cells by several distinct and potent mechanisms, including some that
involve the
immune system.
But if the HLA - A2 gene turns out to be the culprit, then the
immune system is probably
involved somehow in Alzheimer's symptoms, says Payami, perhaps
by damaging nerve
cells.
In a study led
by Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem
Cell Research member Dr. Julian Martinez - Agosto, UCLA scientists have shown that two genes not previously known to be
involved with the
immune system play a crucial role in how progenitor stem
cells are activated to fight infection.
Antibodies only bind to target
cells Peptide antibodies developed
by Kwak and co-discoverer, Hong Qin, Ph.D., assistant professor of Lymphoma / Myeloma, wipe out MDSCs in the blood, spleen and tumor
cells of mice without binding to other white blood
cells or dendritic
cells involved in
immune response.
The infection rapidly turned on a wide range of genes
involved in
immune system activation and
cell death, they conclude, bolstering the hypothesis that the greatest harm may not have been done
by the virus itself, but
by an over-reactive
immune system.
Even though STAT3 activity drives the expansion of MDSCs and is
involved in
immune responses mediated
by the
cells, they found that high levels of STAT3 activity actually prevent the differentiation of MDSCs to macrophages.
Four years ago several groups found that the body has two types of prostaglandin H2 synthase: an ever - ready PGHS - 1, present in nearly all
cells for basic housekeeping duties, and PGHS - 2, made only as needed and just
by those
cells involved in inflammation and
immune responses.
They are missing blood vessels,
immune cells and functional connections to other areas of the nervous system,» Jürgen Knoblich, a molecular biologist at the Institute of Molecular Biotechnology in Vienna who was not
involved in the study, tells The Scientist
by email.
GPCRs and their downstream signaling are
involved in cancer growth and development
by controlling many features of tumorigenesis, including
immune cell - mediated functions, proliferation, invasion and survival at the secondary site.
This new marker of senescent
cells is recognized
by a naturally occurring IgM antibody that belongs to the innate
immune system and is likely to be
involved in a natural mechanism of
immune recognition and clearance of senescent
cells.
This appears to
involve direct infection of Sertoli
cells and germ
cells which then results in a series of changes, such as
cell death and invasion
by immune cells, and pronounced inflammatory - like changes within the testes.
• Disease - driving pathways that
involve the human
immune system are often targeted
by antibodies, and Organ - Chips recreate complex interactions of different human
cell types and aspects of the human
immune system, overcoming limitations of animal models which do not reflect all human
immune cells.
Zinc acts as a catalyst in about 100 different enzyme reactions required
by our body and is
involved in DNA synthesis,
immune function, protein synthesis, and
cell division.
Alpha Herpesviruses such as FHV - 1 cause disease
by two distinctly different mechanisms: 1) cytolytic (
cell - rupturing) disease which
involves active viral replication and destroys the epithelial
cells of the cornea and conjunctiva causing ulceration; and, 2)
immune - mediated disease results from the deposition of viral antigen in subepithelial tissues.
We will identify an ITP disease profile
by measuring
immune cells and proteins that may be
involved platelet destruction.
Our project aims to investigate the specific causes of ITP
by identifying an ITP disease profile
by measuring
immune cells and proteins that may be
involved platelet destruction.
The underlying pathology
involves infiltration of the bowel wall
by inflammatory
cells due to altered
immune system function.
ACT - activated clotting time (bleeding disorders) ACTH - adrenocorticotropic hormone (adrenal gland function) Ag - antigen test for proteins specific to a disease causing organism or virus Alb - albumin (liver, kidney and intestinal disorders) Alk - Phos, ALP alkaline phosphatase (liver and adrenal disorders) Allergy Testing intradermal or blood antibody test for allergen hypersensitivity ALT - alanine aminotransferase (liver disorder) Amyl - amylase enzyme — non specific (pancreatitis) ANA - antinuclear antibody (systemic lupus erythematosus) Anaplasmosis Anaplasma spp. (tick - borne rickettsial disease) APTT - activated partial thromboplastin time (blood clotting ability) AST - aspartate aminotransferase (muscle and liver disorders) Band band
cell — type of white blood
cell Baso basophil — type of white blood
cell Bile Acids digestive acids produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder (liver function) Bili bilirubin (bile pigment responsible for jaundice from liver disease or RBC destruction) BP - blood pressure measurement BUN - blood urea nitrogen (kidney and liver function) Bx biopsy C & S aerobic / anaerobic bacterial culture and antibiotic sensitivity test (infection, drug selection) Ca +2 calcium ion — unbound calcium (parathyroid gland function) CBC - complete blood count (all circulating
cells) Chol cholesterol (liver, thyroid disorders) CK, CPK creatine [phospho] kinase (muscle disease, heart disease) Cl - chloride ion — unbound chloride (hydration, blood pH) CO2 - carbon dioxide (blood pH) Contrast Radiograph x-ray image using injected radiopaque contrast media Cortisol hormone produced
by the adrenal glands (adrenal gland function) Coomb's anti- red blood
cell antibody test (
immune - mediated hemolytic anemia) Crea creatinine (kidney function) CRT - capillary refill time (blood pressure, tissue perfusion) DTM - dermatophyte test medium (ringworm — dermatophytosis) EEG - electroencephalogram (brain function, epilepsy) Ehrlichia Ehrlichia spp. (tick - borne rickettsial disease) EKG, ECG - electrok [c] ardiogram (electrical heart activity, heart arryhthmia) Eos eosinophil — type of white blood
cell Fecal, flotation, direct intestinal parasite exam FeLV Feline Leukemia Virus test FIA Feline Infectious Anemia: aka Feline Hemotrophic Mycoplasma, Haemobartonella felis test FIV Feline Immunodeficiency Virus test Fluorescein Stain fluorescein stain uptake of cornea (corneal ulceration) fT4, fT4ed, freeT4ed thyroxine hormone unbound
by protein measured
by equilibrium dialysis (thyroid function) GGT gamma - glutamyltranferase (liver disorders) Glob globulin (liver,
immune system) Glu blood or urine glucose (diabetes mellitus) Gran granulocytes — subgroup of white blood
cells Hb, Hgb hemoglobin — iron rich protein bound to red blood
cells that carries oxygen (anemia, red
cell mass) HCO3 - bicarbonate ion (blood pH) HCT, PCV, MHCT hematocrit, packed -
cell volume, microhematocrit (hemoconcentration, dehydration, anemia) K + potassium ion — unbound potassium (kidney disorders, adrenal gland disorders) Lipa lipase enzyme — non specific (pancreatitis) LYME Borrelia spp. (tick - borne rickettsial disease) Lymph lymphocyte — type of white blood
cell MCHC mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (anemia, iron deficiency) MCV mean corpuscular volume — average red
cell size (anemia, iron deficiency) Mg +2 magnesium ion — unbound magnesium (diabetes, parathyroid function, malnutrition) MHCT, HCT, PCV microhematocrit, hematocrit, packed -
cell volume (hemoconcentration, dehydration, anemia) MIC minimum inhibitory concentration — part of the C&S that determines antimicrobial selection Mono monocyte — type of white blood
cell MRI magnetic resonance imaging (advanced tissue imaging) Na + sodium ion — unbound sodium (dehydration, adrenal gland disease) nRBC nucleated red blood
cell — immature red blood
cell (bone marrow damage, lead toxicity) PCV, HCT, MHCT packed -
cell volume, hematocrit, microhematocrit (hemoconcentration, dehydration, anemia) PE physical examination pH urine pH (urinary tract infection, urolithiasis) Phos phosphorus (kidney disorders, ketoacidosis, parathyroid function) PLI pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (pancreatitis) PLT platelet —
cells involved in clotting (bleeding disorders) PT prothrombin time (bleeding disorders) PTH parathyroid hormone, parathormone (parathyroid function) Radiograph x-ray image RBC red blood
cell count (anemia) REL Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever / Ehrlichia / Lyme combination test Retic reticulocyte — immature red blood
cell (regenerative vs. non-regenerative anemia) RMSF Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever SAP serum alkaline phosphatase (liver disorders) Schirmer Tear Test tear production test (keratoconjunctivitis sicca — dry eye,) Seg segmented neutrophil — type of white blood
cell USG Urine specific gravity (urine concentration, kidney function) spec cPL specific canine pancreatic lipase (pancreatitis)-- replaces the PLI test spec fPL specific feline pancreatic lipase (pancreatitis)-- replaces the PLI test T4 thyroxine hormone — total (thyroid gland function) TLI trypsin - like immunoreactivity (exocrine pancreatic insufficiency) TP total protein (hydration, liver disorders) TPR temperature / pulse / respirations (physical exam vital signs) Trig triglycerides (fat metabolism, liver disorders) TSH thyroid stimulating hormone (thyroid gland function) UA urinalysis (kidney function, urinary tract infection, diabetes) Urine Cortisol - Crea Ratio urine cortisol - creatine ratio (screening test for adrenal gland disease) Urine Protein - Crea Ratio urine protein - creatinine ratio (kidney disorders) VWF VonWillebrands factor (bleeding disorder) WBC white blood
cell count (infection, inflammation, bone marrow suppression)