Sentences with phrase «by immune cells when»

Not exact matches

We found that when it comes to cutaneous immunity — specific to skin — the immune system was being obstructed by skin cells that were too prone to producing inflammation responses.

When viral and bacterial infections strike, our bodies respond by commanding B cells within our immune systems to crank out antibodies to battle the invaders.

When researchers injected fresh breast cancer cells in the side opposite the original tumor site, the disease didn't recur in any of the mice, as the cancer was rejected by the immune system's memory.

There was another intriguing connection: Acinetobacter are molecular mimics of proteins found in myelin, the nerve cell coating that the immune system attacks in MS.. That suggests the bacteria might trigger immune attacks that hit myelin, too, as when soldiers who inadvertently resemble the enemy get hit by friendly fire.

The experiments indicated that when dectin - 1 recognizes tropomyosin in house dust mites, shrimp or other common allergy - triggering species it suppresses airway cells» production of an immune molecule, IL - 33, which otherwise would promote an allergic response by immune cells.

«When mosquitoes are infected with these viruses, there's a signal that lets the mosquito's cells know that they are infected, resulting in targeting of the virus by the mosquito's immune response.

«Inflammatory arthritis is caused when immune cells are recruited from the blood into the joint in a highly regulated process controlled by chemoattractants and adhesion receptors,» says Andrew Luster, MD, PhD, chief of the MGH Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, director of the CIID and senior author of the report.

When activated by inflammatory markers in the gut, it sends a signal to the brain, where immune cells produce proteins such as IL - 6, leading to increased metabolism (and hence decreased levels) of the «happiness hormone» serotonin in the brain.

HIV infects the body by corrupting T cells that are mobilized by the immune system when the virus enters a person's body.

She previously showed that when blood leaks into the brain, fibrinogen causes inflammation by acting in brain immune cells, which can lead to brain damage.

Islet autoimmunity, detected by antibodies that appear when the immune system attacks the islet cells in the pancreas that produce insulin, is a precursor to type 1 diabetes.

When the scientists blocked Treg cells from accumulating in the fat by targeting a molecule that the immune cells require, mice no longer developed type 4 diabetes in old age.

The findings made by IMBA scientists now provide evidence that one can find key molecular brakes in innate immune cells that, when modified, allow such cells to seek out and destroy metastatic tumors.

When challenged by a toxin or infection, the immune system screens this population for a match, then swiftly multiplies the clonal cell line that produces the matching antibody.

Because human T cells don't have as many of these brakes, our cells are a hundred times more aggressive than those of chimps when faced with drugs like TGN1412, which work by triggering the immune system.

Most of the time when the heart is injured, these beneficial immune cells are supplanted by immune cells from the bone marrow, which are spurred to converge in the heart and cause inflammation that leads to further damage.

Using a combination of human or specially engineered mouse cells in vitro and in vivo animal models, study senior investigator Judy Lieberman, MD, PhD; study lead investigator Farokh Dotiwala, PhD, with a team lead by the Brazilian parasitologist Ricardo Gazzinelli, DSc, DVM, found that when an immune killer cell, such as a T - cell or natural killer (NK) cell, encounters a cell infected with any of three intracellular parasites (Trypanosoma cruzi, Toxoplasma gondii or Leishmania major), it releases three proteins that together kill both the parasite and the infected cell:

Kipnis suggests that T cells keep this process in check, differentiating between disease and ordinary stress and, when warranted, telling other immune cells to stand down by releasing antagonist molecules that prevent misguided inflammation.

Their immune statuses, usually measured by CD4 + T cells, normally improve when given HIV treatment.

And when they pre-treated immune cells from vaccinated major allele carriers with a molecule that inhibits the receptor that is normally stimulated by IL - 28B, they saw a stronger antibody response after the cells were stimulated with influenza vaccine.

«When the cancer cells shed these mutations, they discard the evidence that would normally lead them to be recognized by the body's protective immune cells.»

When the tumor - fighting T cells are kept in check by inhibitory regulatory T cells, scientists speak of «peripheral immune tolerance.»

Microglia, the brain's immune cells, are normally slender and threadlike; however, they bulk up like the Hulk when activated by a threat.

For example, scientists could engineer T cells, sentinels of the immune system, with genetic circuits that initiate a response to wipe out tumors when they detect the presence of two or three «biomarkers» produced by cancer cells, Lu says.

The team identified chemicals released by bacteria that tell a new pair of lungs when to build immune cells, how many to make, and when to use them.

Rather, he was intrigued by its documented ability to dampen the immune responses triggered by vaginal epithelial cells when exposed to toxins.

When the immune system nonetheless attacks self - cells, that error has typically been attributed to a signaling problem, either a misspelled sign placed on the cell's doorknob or a misreading by T and B cells on the hunt.

When the team monitored the vaccine's effects on the immune system in each patient, they found that both T cell types had indeed been activated by the vaccine and could recognize the neoantigens bound to HLA molecules.

But the process, which is often set in motion by cells of the immune system, can also occur whenever tissue is damaged — even in the absence of a pathogenic organism — as, for example, when you stub your toe or, more seriously, suffer a heart attack.

When these immune cells were then infected by a small number of the pathogenic bacteria, Listeria, the production of Type - 1 interferon massively increased.

When a new bacterium or virus invades the body, the immune system mounts an attack by sending in white blood cells called T - cells that are tailored to the molecular structure of that invader.

«When the formation of Type - 1 interferon in the liver cells is blocked by suitable substances, there is a prospect of reinvigorating the immune system,» adds Professor Knolle.

When activated by VTX - 2337, TLR - 8 prompts dendritic cells within tumors to secrete factors that fuel a cascade of immune responses.

But when they mutated the HIV - 1 and HIV - 2 capsids, the dendritic cells produced immune responses without getting infected by the viruses.

In previous research, a team led by the same Artyomov showed that inflammatory immune cells called macrophages produce significant amounts of itaconate when they detect bacteria.

In doing so, specific cell types may activate immune responses to fine tune cell - fate decisions at the organismal level; for instance, DNA damage in germ cells induces an innate immune response in worms that promotes endurance of somatic tissues to allow delay of progeny production when germ cells are hit by DNA damage.

With their deep expertise in the biology of senescent cells, the Campisi lab will be focused on fundamental research into questions like how senescent cells vary in their susceptibility and resistance to immune clearance (depending on factors like their tissues of residence or the pathway that led them into senescence); the targets and mechanisms used by NK cells to clear senescent cells; and why subsets of senescent cells might persist when their similarly - situated neighbors are cleared out (and what might allow us to overcome that resistance).

When antigens are presented to T lymphocytes by antigen - presenting cells, the presence or absence of inflammation determines whether or not the immune system is activated.

When transplanted into wild - type mice with intact immune systems, these tumors are eliminated, presumably by T - cells.

When EBV infects human immune cells, a protein produced by the virus — EBNA2 — recruits human proteins called transcription factors to bind to regions of both the EBV genome and the cell's own genome.

Tryptase, when secreted by mast cells of the immune system in the lung, can induce many of the symptoms of an asthma attack.

A recent study led by BSI member Professor Andrew Sewell from Cardiff University and published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation showed that a synthetic «mirror image» version of a protein belonging to the influenza A virus generated strong immune responses in human cells and mice, with the mice also being protected when exposed to a strain of influenza A.

First, when GLA is accompanied by a tumor antigen and injected into a patient, the combination is taken up by the DCs and leads to the production and expansion of immune cells called CD4 helper T cells.

When accompanied by an antigen in protein form, generation of a strong, antigen - specific adaptive immune response characterized by CD4 T cells.

When your immune system detects any of these invaders, it fights back by triggering proteins that are meant to protect your cells and tissue.

It's what happens when you get a paper cut or a cold and your body proceeds to defend itself by sending immune cells to the site.

To me it seem like plaques form when the blood becomes «saturated» with cholesterol and it «precipitates» out in the walls of the arteries where it is eaten by immune cells which turn into foam cells when they become engorged with cholesterol.

When the thyroid is attacked by the immune system, this results in thyroid cell breakdown.

When your immune cells begin fighting the invader, surrounding tissues may be damaged by inflammatory chemicals.

Thus, I hypothesize that the intestinal inflammation and low - grade fever are due to an overactive immune system, necessitated by the fact that pathogens have easier access when the endothelial cells are deficient in cholesterol sulfate.