Sentences with phrase «by ion beam»

K. Liu and J. Wu, Reducing adhesion energy of micro-relay electrodes by ion beam synthesized oxide nanolayers, APL Materials, vol.

Not exact matches

By using this high - power laser, it is now possible to generate all of the high - energy quantum beams (electrons, ions, gamma ray, neutron, positron).

In the latest work, carried out by physicist Kilian Singer of the University of Mainz in Germany and colleagues, the calcium ion doubles as both the working medium and the piston; electrical noise provides the hot bath, and a laser beam the cold bath.

«Droplet explosion by shock waves, relevant to nuclear medicine: Ion beam cancer therapy could be improved if ion - induced shock waves are discovered.&raqIon beam cancer therapy could be improved if ion - induced shock waves are discovered.&raqion - induced shock waves are discovered.»

Accompanying the beam extraction, the spatial flow distribution of the negative hydrogen ions was investigated by measuring the flow of negative hydrogen ions with the use of a compound - type electrostatic probe with four needle - type electrodes irradiated by laser pulse.

By applying the method developed in this research, measurement of the negative ion flow at places still closer to the plasma electrode is possible for clarifying more detailed mechanism of the negative ions extracted as a beam.

This is a cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy images of a 750 nm period grating fabricated by focused ion beam milling in a 300 nm thick amorphous germanium antimony telluride film on silica.

It will focus the ion beam to ensure that the area being drilled by ions is eroded uniformly.

By varying the target geometry and laser properties, scientists could find optimal regimes to accelerate high quality, directed ion beams that are currently studied in accompanying experiments.

The use of intermediate size nuclei is expected to result in intermediate energy density - not as high as in earlier runs colliding two beams of gold ions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), but more than was produced by colliding a beam of gold ions with much lighter deuterons.

The team envisions integration across scales by integrating images from different sources, such as light microscopes, focused ion beam scanning electron microscopes (FIBSEM), and TEM.

Researchers produce such heating by aiming microwaves at the electrons gyrating around magnetic field lines — a process that increases the thermal energy of the electrons, transfers it to the ions through collisions, and supplements the heating of the ions by neutral beam injection.

«Thanks to a new focused - ion beam sectioning system recently obtained by McGill's Facility for Electron Microscopy Research, we were able to accurately and thinly cut the sample and image the interior of the shell.»

Growing interest in research using beams of short - lived radioactive ions led to another reconfiguration of the facility, with the ORIC serving as a driver accelerator to produce radioactive ion species that were then injected into and accelerated by the 25 - MV tandem.

When the charged beam reaches the end of the linac, eponymous «neutralized drift compression» takes over: plasma is injected to neutralize the ion beam; the ion bunches are squeezed radially by magnetic fields while the tails of the bunches are allowed to catch up to their heads, forming a compact, focused beam at the precise moment it hits the target.

Berkeley Lab's inertial fusion energy research has emphasized ion beams — focused by magnetic fields, not materials like glass, and accelerated by induction accelerators.

The ion concentration in SKY was estimated based on the energy provided by the electron beam, and the sulphuric acid concentration was estimated based on production and loss rates.