The global morphological features (including centrifugal growth of the peripheral vessels - relative to the position of the disc -, avoiding the treated area, with an overall decrease in the vascular density) elicited
by kahweol treatment are also in agreement with those previously observed for other anti-angiogenic compounds.
In the CAM assay, the inhibitory doses exhibited
by kahweol are similar to those of other anti-angiogenic compounds found by us to inhibit angiogenesis in the CAM assay [10], [19], and much lower than those of other anti-angiogenic compounds [21].
Not exact matches
Figure 6 shows the effects of 75 µM
kahweol on endothelial cell migration, as determined
by the «wound healing» assay, after 8 and 24 h of treatment.
To get new, additional insights on the features of
kahweol as an anti-angiogenic compound, we carried out a complete set of in vitro assays previously used
by us to characterize the anti-angiogenic effects of other compounds from natural sources, including aeroplysinin - 1, homocysteine, ursolic acid, puupehenone, hypericin, hyperforin and aloe - emodin, among others [11], [12], [13], [19], [20], [21].
Our results reinforce the potential pharmacological interest of
kahweol, as suggested
by its anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory effects.
Invading controls and 25 and 75 µM
kahweol - treated HUVEC cell count values are represented
by using diamonds, squares and triangles, respectively.
On the other hand, the present research work shows a confirmatory evidence of the potential of
kahweol to inhibit in vivo angiogenesis,
by using another completely independent model system, namely, that of genetically modified zebrafish.
Since invasion is dependent on extracellular matrix remodeling capabilities, this inhibitory effect strongly suggested that the two key extracellular membrane remodeling enzymes expressed
by endothelial cells, namely, MMP - 2 and uPA could be other main key targets of the pharmacological action of
kahweol on endothelial cells.
The CAM and zebrafish in vivo assays and the ex vivo mouse aortic ring assay clearly identify
kahweol as a new anti-angiogenic compound, but gives no information on which specific steps of angiogenesis are targeted
by this compound.
We also demonstrate the inhibitory effect of
kahweol on the endothelial cell potential to remodel extracellular matrix
by targeting two key molecules involved in the process, MMP - 2 and uPA.
Figure 9 (A and B) shows that
kahweol inhibits in a dose dependent manner the expression of COX - 2 protein
by HUVEC.
C) Quantification of the amount of MCP - 1 secreted
by HUVEC after a 24 h treatment in the presence of different concentrations of
kahweol.
Data obtained on the effects of
kahweol on endothelial cell invasion (as determined
by a continuous fluorescent assay) clearly show that
kahweol induces an anti-invasive effect in HUVEC in a dose - dependent manner (Figure 7).
A third line of evidence showing the potential of
kahweol to inhibit overall angiogenesis is provided
by the ex vivo model of the mouse aortic ring assay.
B) In situ determination of
kahweol effects on HT - 1080 gelatinases, as determined
by gelatin zymography with the presence of
kahweol in the incubation substrate buffer.
It is believed that
kahweol and cafestol palmitate increase the liver's production of glutathione, the master antioxidant,
by as much as 700 %.