Sentences with phrase «by land ecosystems»

These variations originate primarily from fluctuations in carbon uptake by land ecosystems driven by the natural variability of the climate system, rather than by oceans or from changes in the levels of human - made carbon emissions.

Not exact matches

Suncor is committed to ultimately returning all lands disturbed by our oil sands mining and in situ operations to a self - sustaining boreal forest ecosystem.

With 90 percent of the world's forests outside of protected areas, the Rainforest Alliance works to protect ecosystems and the people and wildlife that depend on them by transforming land - use practices, business practices and consumer behavior.

1) Conserved natural ecosystems; 2) Areas being restored to natural ecosystems; 3) Tree cover within agroforestry or silvopastoral production plots2; 4) Gardens, live fences, riparian zones or border plantings; or 5) Off - site compensation areas, including land held in common by farmer groups that is not part of individual member farms3.

However, neither indigenous cultures, their land management, nor these unique co-evolved ecosystems were recognised and understood by post-1788 invaders of this land: people imbued with the post-Enlightenment «mechanical» mind.

By, for example, examining what people in the area use different trees and shrubs for and look at how the landscape changes, we can better understand how land use, social change, climate and ecosystems interact, even in ways that can be unexpected,» says Lowe Börjeson, Associate Professor at the Department of Human Geography, Stockholm University.

To better inform the tradeoffs involved in land use choices around the world, experts have assessed the value of ecosystem services provided by land resources such as food, poverty reduction, clean water, climate and disease regulation and nutrients cycling.

Such resources, known as ecosystem services, were the subject of a symposium held at AAAS» headquarters in Washington, on May 19 where experts explored the role played by the natural forces of ecosystems in protecting adjacent lands and local communities.

Free - floating Antarctic icebergs significantly change the marine ecosystems directly around them by hosting land - based matter, chlorophyll, krill and seabirds, according to a report in this week's Science.

It is a far more remarkable achievement than merely canalizing energy flow through the human species, as by bringing wild lands under pasture, regardless of a declining rate of flow through the ecosystem as a whole.

Every other place, and every person, on the planet is at least indirectly affected by one or more species that has been transported — either intentionally or inadvertently — to new lands from the ecosystems in which the species evolved.

We need to find ways to put a value on the full range of ecosystem services and implement monitoring and payment systems to reward those managing land sustainably — for example, by offering incentives for carbon sequestration or water catchment services.

Princeton University research suggests that termite mounds can help prevent the spread of deserts into semi-arid ecosystems and agricultural lands by providing a moist refuge for vegetation.

At the most fundamental level, the ecological footprint incorporates six measurements — city cover, carbon dioxide pollution, farm fields, fisheries, forests and rangeland — to reveal «the aggregate area of land and water ecosystems required by specified human populations to produce the ecosystem goods and services they consume and to assimilate their carbon waste.»

The ecosystem, encompassing nearly 4 million acres from near Orlando to the Florida Bay, is threatened by a number of disturbances including changes in hydrology and land use.

By 80m years ago these mega tyrannosaurs were terrorising what is now North America and Asia, spreading into all ecosystems on land, displacing smaller predators, and eating whatever they wanted.

The study, called «Modeling the effects of adopting agroforestry on basin scale surface runoff and sediment yield in the Philippines,» uses a computer - based Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to simulate the effects of different land uses on watershed hydrology and the ecosystem services provided by the Gabayan watershed.

For now, they are hoping to expand on the land and marine units by creating new categories for coastal and freshwater ecosystems.

Whether dealing with historically intact or novel ecosystems — the 47 percent of Earth's ice - free land that has been altered by humans — scientists need to look at the paleobiology of the region, that is, what the ecosystem looked like before humans altered it, and seek to rebuild it to some degree toward that natural balance, Barnosky said.

A significant part of the carbon storage thought to be offered by ecosystems on land — mainly forests — is thus negated by this leakage of carbon from soils to aquatic systems, and to the atmosphere.

It quickly became obvious that the vast majority of the bacteria released by people in the hospital die shortly after landing in what is a remarkably inhospitable ecosystem.

This expertise is needed to deal with climate issues in the North Central US, where changes in temperature and precipitation could have significant effects on streams, forests, agricultural lands, and mountain ecosystems, in addition to the fish, wildlife, and human communities supported by these environments.

Consequently, an international team of researchers led by Markus Reichstein, director at the Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry in Jena, Germany, investigated the influence of extreme climate events on the carbon cycle of land ecosystems and if the resulting additional CO2 emissions feedback on climate change.

The area of land required per barrel of produced oil increased by a factor of 12 between 1955 and 2006 [150] leading to ecosystem fragmentation by roads and pipelines needed to support the wells [151].

15.8 by 2020 introduce measures to prevent the introduction and significantly reduce the impact of invasive alien species on land and water ecosystems, and control or eradicate the priority species

2.4 by 2030 ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production, that help maintain ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters, and that progressively improve land and soil quality

Mountains in primary forest, fertile river valleys, rolling hills and mangrove forests, along 3.5 kms of beautiful and desolate beaches are characterized by a diverse set of ecosystems and land uses.

The mix of modern and luxurious accommodations and intimate excursions into some of the most pristine marine and land ecosystems in Latin America leaves travelers feeling refreshed and rejuvenated by the trip's end.

Overall, ecosystem - driven changes in chemistry induced climate feedbacks that increased global mean annual land surface temperatures by 1.4 and 2.7 K for the 2 × and 4 × CO2 Eocene simulations, respectively, and 2.2 K for the Cretaceous (Fig. 3 E and F).

Delta del Orinoco, Venezuela, is characterized by great biological diversity in its terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, home to more than 2,000 plant species and a wide array of land and water fauna.

So they're planning to shade 12.5 sq miles of land and the environmentalists are going to sit by and allow the ecosystem for some rare plant or creature to be irretrievably altered?

Because the sink is affected by land use, it is going to decrease in the future as ecosystems complete their recovery....

What I think just about everybody underestimates is 1) the historical difficulty of «living off the land», and 2) the degree to which that is compounded by ecosystem disruption and «weather weirding.»

I meet urban farmers who teach women from a homeless shelter and inner - city kids to grow healthy food on remediated vacant lots; advocates for sustainable transportation who tirelessly attend hearings and planning meetings; members of community land trusts that provide affordable housing; and conservation land trusts that preserve ecosystems and habitats acre by acre, stream by stream.

And we do that by the mapping and figuring out where important species live and how much land, or what kind of functioning ecosystem they need to survive.

Climate change is driven by human activity — chiefly the combustion of fossil fuels and changes in land use — and forests and other natural ecosystems play a powerful role in both soaking up the greenhouse gases released by human economic activity and at the same time sheltering many of the other 10 million or so species that share the planet.

Modeling Terrestrial Ecosystems in the Global Carbon Cycle With Shifts in Carbon Storage Capacity by Land - Use Change, William R. Emanuel & George G. Killough, Ecology, Vol.

Posted in Advocacy, Development and Climate Change, Ecosystem Functions, Environment, Governance, Government Policies, India, Information and Communication, Land, Lessons, News, Poverty, Rainfall, Resilience, Vulnerability, Water, Weather Comments Off on The Battle For Water — India's Food Insecurity Compounded By Water Scarcity

Wild fires are increasing, permafrost is thawing, low lying land is being inundated by seawater, and coral reefs, mangroves, kelp forests, and other ecosystems are being severely damaged.

The production of food and fibre; the urbanization of once agricultural or forested lands; and the sequestration of that portion of carbon emissions from fossil fuels that is not already absorbed by oceans or by long - term sequestration strategies in agriculture or forestry, all constitute competing or non-overlapping uses of ecosystems.

Posted in Advocacy, Biodiversity, Carbon, Development and Climate Change, Ecosystem Functions, Forest, Green House Gas Emissions, Information and Communication, International Agencies, Land, Lessons, News, Publication, Research, Resilience Comments Off on Carbon Release, Storage By Rainforests May Increase By 50bt

The method is designed to estimate human demand for biocapacity, defined as: «the aggregate area of land and water ecosystems required by specified human populations to produce the ecosystems goods and services they consume and to assimilate their carbon wastes.»

As eight millennia of experience and the unfolding disaster of agrofuel clearly demonstrate, expansion of land - conversion by industrial agriculture strongly threatens biodiversity and ecosystems that play an essential role in stabilising and regulating the climate, and are necessary to ensure food and water security.

The IPCC also reports that the resilience of many ecosystems around the world is likely to be exceeded this century by an unprecedented combination of climate change; disturbances associated with climate change, such as flooding, drought, wildfire, and insects; and other global change - drivers, including land - use changes, pollution, habitat fragmentation, urbanization, and growing human populations and economies.

In this study, we incorporate height - structured competition for light, competition for water, and explicit scaling from individuals to ecosystems into the land model version 3 (LM3) currently used in the Earth system models developed by the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL).

It especially explores links between climate change and hydrology, including impacts of climate change on: ecosystems and biodiversity, agriculture and food security, urbanization, land use and forestry, water supply and sanitation, health, infrastructure, and energy security which, in addition to climate, are strongly influenced by human interventions and actions.

Recalling the concern reflected in the outcome document of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, entitled «The future we want», 1 that the health of oceans and marine biodiversity are negatively affected by marine pollution, including marine debris, especially plastic, persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals and nitrogen - based compounds, from numerous marine and land - based sources, and the commitment to take action to significantly reduce the incidence and impacts of such pollution on marine ecosystems, Noting the international action being taken to promote the sound management of chemicals throughout their life cycle and waste in ways that lead to the prevention and minimization of significant adverse effects on human health and the environment, Recalling the Manila Declaration on Furthering the Implementation of the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land - based Activities adopted by the Third Intergovernmental Review Meeting on the Implementation of the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land - based Activities, which highlighted the relevance of the Honolulu Strategy and the Honolulu Commitment and recommended the establishment of a global partnership on marine litter, Taking note of the decisions adopted by the eleventh Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity on addressing the impacts of marine debris on marine and coastal biodiversity, Recalling that the General Assembly declared 2014 the International Year of Small Island Developing States and that such States have identified waste management among their priorities for action, Noting with concern the serious impact which marine litter, including plastics stemming from land and sea - based sources, can have on the marine environment, marine ecosystem services, marine natural resources, fisheries, tourism and the economy, as well as the potential risks to human healthland - based sources, and the commitment to take action to significantly reduce the incidence and impacts of such pollution on marine ecosystems, Noting the international action being taken to promote the sound management of chemicals throughout their life cycle and waste in ways that lead to the prevention and minimization of significant adverse effects on human health and the environment, Recalling the Manila Declaration on Furthering the Implementation of the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land - based Activities adopted by the Third Intergovernmental Review Meeting on the Implementation of the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land - based Activities, which highlighted the relevance of the Honolulu Strategy and the Honolulu Commitment and recommended the establishment of a global partnership on marine litter, Taking note of the decisions adopted by the eleventh Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity on addressing the impacts of marine debris on marine and coastal biodiversity, Recalling that the General Assembly declared 2014 the International Year of Small Island Developing States and that such States have identified waste management among their priorities for action, Noting with concern the serious impact which marine litter, including plastics stemming from land and sea - based sources, can have on the marine environment, marine ecosystem services, marine natural resources, fisheries, tourism and the economy, as well as the potential risks to human healthLand - based Activities adopted by the Third Intergovernmental Review Meeting on the Implementation of the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land - based Activities, which highlighted the relevance of the Honolulu Strategy and the Honolulu Commitment and recommended the establishment of a global partnership on marine litter, Taking note of the decisions adopted by the eleventh Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity on addressing the impacts of marine debris on marine and coastal biodiversity, Recalling that the General Assembly declared 2014 the International Year of Small Island Developing States and that such States have identified waste management among their priorities for action, Noting with concern the serious impact which marine litter, including plastics stemming from land and sea - based sources, can have on the marine environment, marine ecosystem services, marine natural resources, fisheries, tourism and the economy, as well as the potential risks to human healthLand - based Activities, which highlighted the relevance of the Honolulu Strategy and the Honolulu Commitment and recommended the establishment of a global partnership on marine litter, Taking note of the decisions adopted by the eleventh Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity on addressing the impacts of marine debris on marine and coastal biodiversity, Recalling that the General Assembly declared 2014 the International Year of Small Island Developing States and that such States have identified waste management among their priorities for action, Noting with concern the serious impact which marine litter, including plastics stemming from land and sea - based sources, can have on the marine environment, marine ecosystem services, marine natural resources, fisheries, tourism and the economy, as well as the potential risks to human healthland and sea - based sources, can have on the marine environment, marine ecosystem services, marine natural resources, fisheries, tourism and the economy, as well as the potential risks to human health; 1.

If measures to cut carbon emissions by reducing deforestation take off, that could displace land - use change to other ecosystems.

Comparing emissions from various fuel crops versus carbon storage in natural ecosystems, Renton Righelato and Dominick Spracklen write that «forestation of an equivalent area of land would sequester two to nine times more carbon over a 30 - year period than the emissions avoided by the use of the biofuel.»

We may also reduce carbon emissions by building soil fertility on agricultural lands and conserving and restoring ecosystems.