Not exact matches
For Ayer, metaphysical statements are nonsensical because they are not verifiable; for Collingwood, metaphysical statements are not verifiable because they are not
propositions, directly describing empirical reality but presuppositions, causing
by «
logical efficacy» verifiable
propositions to arise.
Existing as entertained in experience,
propositions not only can be true or false, a capability afforded
by their
logical subjects, but are in fact true or false (AI 245; PR 11 / 16f, 258/394).
To recapitulate: the two subjects embraced
by the
proposition, the
logical subject in a potential predicative pattern and the prehending, e.g., entertaining subject; the two correlative conditions for the truth and falsity of
propositions, the fact that they both «can» and «must» be true or false; the fact that a
proposition is a «real possibility» for an «entertaining subject,» gives to the
proposition its fundamental trait: according to Whitehead, a
proposition is a lure for feeling.3
It is at least one
logical order «beyond» the class of entities it describes, and is thus not itself necessarily described
by the set of properties it ascribes to the class of
propositions it is characterizing.
Truth or falsity is established
by means of the anchor that the
logical subject has in given fact, but truth value is not intrinsic to the
proposition in itself.
The combination of these two elements in Aristotle's theory generate the
logical problem of «negative facts,» i.e., affirming actuality of negations, e.g., affirming the fact denoted
by the
proposition, «The round square does not exist.»
The same
proposition can constitute the content of diverse judgments
by diverse judging entities respectively..., this requires that the same complex of
logical subjects objectified via the same eternal objects, can enter as a partial constituent into the «real» essences of diverse actual entities.
If
by the decision of the concrescence of an actual entity, the
proposition has been admitted into feeling, then the
proposition constitutes a lure of a member of its locus
by reason of the germaneness of the complex predicate to the
logical subjects, having regard to forms of definiteness in the actual world of that member, and to its antecedent phases of feeling.
«
Propositions arrived at
by purely
logical means are completely empty as regards reality.
«A syllogism is a
logical argument (much revered
by the ancient Greeks) that makes three
propositions, the first two of which (premises) make the third (concluding) statement difficult to deny.
The
logical thing to do is to respond to overvaluation
by selling stocks since the long - term value
proposition has worsened (bringing prices back down to fair value) and to respond to undervaluation
by buying stocks since the long - term value
proposition has improved (bringing prices back up to fair value).
A straight
logical proposition: tree temperature measurements measure leaf temperatures which have been shown
by measurements to be stable within a certain range and not correlated strongly with ambient temperature.
Under a
logical approach to validation, each prediction that is made
by a predictive model is viewed as making a claim about the outcome of a statistical event and this claim is viewed as a
logical proposition.