Sentences with phrase «by membrane lipids»

But more importantly this old study (by mitochondrial membrande phospholipid fatty acids composition remodeling towards a low perodizable index PI and double bond unsaturation index DBI by genetically reduced desaturase (essentially switching perodizable polyunsaturates with monounsaturates / saturates, rendering membranes lipid peroxidation resistant / blocking hydroperoxide formation by DHA n - 3 and lowering mitochondrial DNA lesions formation by membrane lipid peroxidation chain propagation), It's true though that these effects are due to transcriptional lipid genes regulation (so the genes are the reason of this dramatic effect and this is also a gene therapy, that hit the key points) this old study showed

Not exact matches

It acts by disrupting the lipid membranes in organisms like fungus, bacteria and viruses, thus destroying them.

As lipid droplets exit the mammary epithelial cell, they are enveloped by cell membrane and secreted into milk as membrane - bound globules of fat.

Substituting those residues with alanine, which is hydrophobic, reduced lipid binding by 40-fold and stopped localization to the plasma membrane.

In order to describe the mechanism of a membrane sensor which measures the degree of lipid saturation in the yeast cell, the researchers used genetic and biochemical methods and simulated the motions and underlying forces of membrane lipids over a period of a few milliseconds by means of extensive molecular dynamic simulations.

A few microscopic techniques can focus light deep into the intact brains of dead animals to study its structure without damaging the axons, but much of this light is scattered away by the fatty lipid membranes that surround individual cells, making the technique less than perfect.

Eukaryotes are the most structurally complex known cell type, and by definition are in part organized by smaller interior compartments, that are themselves enclosed by lipid membranes that resemble the outermost cell membrane.

The more primitive virus, however, carries no repair mechanisms; a new virion (complete virus) acquires lipids for its envelope by literally ripping them off of the cellular membrane as it buds off from the infected cell.

Each human cell is surrounded by a lipid membrane, a molecular barrier that serves to contain the cellular machinery and protect it from the surrounding elements.

Because of the lack of structural data for membrane proteins both in the presence and absence of anesthetics, it remains unclear whether anesthetics exert their primary effects by direct interaction with these proteins, or indirectly via interaction with the lipids surrounding them.

According to this new mechanism, the UPR is activated not only by misfolded proteins, but also by anomalous membrane lipid compositions.

Led by Tayyaba Hasan, PhD, of the Wellman Center, the investigators first confirmed in laboratory experiments that exposing PMILs to near - infrared light both activated the antitumor action of BPD and, by disrupting the lipid membrane envelope, released the XL184 - containing nanoparticles.

Both unfolded proteins and aberrant membrane lipid compositions are sensed by Ire1 and can activate the so - called unfolded protein response.

A cell membrane, plasma membrane or plasmalemma is a selectively permeable lipid bilayer coated by proteins which comprises the outer layer of a cell.

The researchers suppressed the lipid droplets of the host cells, the bacterium's preferred food source, and found that the bacterium has a back - up plan that allows it to compensate for this shortage by drawing on the lipids within the host's membranes.

By inhibiting the action of the «InhA» enzyme, pyridomycin literally caused the thick lipid membrane of the bacterium to burst.

Shnyrova et al. (p. 1433; see the Perspective by Holz) reconstituted dynamin - mediated membrane scission on lipid nanotubes and suggest a molecular model for dynamin activity that takes into consideration all known aspects of dynamin function.

Studies by Pekka Lappalainen laboratory at Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Finland, now reveal that BAR domain proteins not only bend membranes, but also generate extremely stable lipid microdomains by inhibiting the lateral diffusion of certain lipids nearly completely.

Thus, distribution and mobility of specific lipid species at the plasma membrane appears to precisely regulated by membrane - associated proteins.

The souped - up scalpel works by analyzing lipids, the fatty molecules that make up much of the cell membrane.

On Earth, cells are packets of mostly water surrounded by thin membranes made of lipids.

The pathway does this by generating a lipid group that anchors a protein called Rab11b to cell membranes, allowing Rab11b to deliver Arf6 to its site of activation.

Exosomes and other extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane vesicles containing protein, messenger RNA, microRNA, DNA, and lipids, which are secreted by various cells and are stable in body fluids including blood, saliva, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and breast milk.

A team led by Dr. Thorsten Eierhoff and Junior Professor Dr. Winfried Römer from the Institute of Biology II, members of the Cluster of Excellence BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies of the University of Freiburg, has identified a novel mechanism of bacterial invasion: Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses lipids in the cell membrane to make its way into host cells.

The growth can be controlled by varying the number of building blocks added or by changing the solution pH. Repair using peptoid monomers with differing structure and chemistry demonstrated that the lipid - like design of these membranes could essentially be rewritten by inserting patterns of new distinct functional groups into them with nanometer - scale precision to produce multifunctional two - dimensional materials by design.

By applying the method to the peripheral membrane protein and key anti-cancer target dehydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) located at the mitochondria, the team is able to obtain detailed insights into the structural relationship between membrane lipid and substrate binding to the enzyme.

Understanding why this complexity is required, how and when distinct lipid molecules interact with proteins and how these interactions are in turn modulated by lipid metabolism will be critical for elucidating how biological membranes function on a molecular level.

Palmitoylation - dependent plasma membrane transport but lipid raft - independent signaling by linker for activation of T cells.

Lipid Sorting by Ceramide Structure from Plasma Membrane to ER for the Cholera Toxin Receptor Ganglioside GM1.

Understanding the functions of lipids and cell membranes is key to progress in basic cell and tissue biology as well as in the many diseases that are caused by lipid dysfunction.

Protein receptor - independent plasma membrane remodeling by HAMLET: a tumoricidal protein - lipid complex.

The membrane associated adaptor ankyrin - B (AnkB) promotes fast axonal transport and elongation by coupling dynactin to multiple organelles through binding to phosphatidylinositol 3 - phosphate lipids in these cargos.

Additionally, we showed that pinning of membrane lipids and proteins by the cell cortex can induce local membrane reorganization dependent on the affinity of the pinning species.

This work will be motivated by the question «Why did life choose lipid membranes?»

Stordeur C, Hofbauer H, Sáenz Jp, Ernst, R. Homeostatic control of biological membranes by dedicated lipid and membrane packing sensors.

FFAT motifs are present in several other lipid transfer proteins leading Tim to propose that FFAT - motif proteins would act at contact sites by binding simultaneously to both the ER and another membrane.

We furthermore proved that the GM - CSF / Lyn / Stat3 pathway that contributes to growth of leukemic cells could be profoundly affected, by using a new plasma membrane disrupting agent, which rapidly delocalized CD45 away from lipid rafts.

A recent paper in the Journal of Lipid Research proposes that anesthetics indirectly affect receptors by changing membrane dipole potential, acting like a car fob signal and causing an indirect change in receptor function.

Insights into substrate specificity of geranylgeranyl reductases revealed by the structure of digeranylgeranylglycerophospholipid reductase, an essential enzyme in the biosynthesis of archaeal membrane lipids.

More recently, Drs. Goldstein and Brown discovered the SREBP family of membrane - bound transcription factors and the elucidation of the proteolytic pathway by which the SREBPs become activated to regulate lipid metabolism.

Reconstitution into polymer - supported membranes (PSM) is a promising approach for studying membrane protein interaction and conformations in a controlled lipid environment by advanced imaging techniques.

Radiocarbon analyses of 14C in lipid biomarkers associated with marine plankton [14], and 13C - labeled bicarbonate tracer studies [15] suggest that marine Crenarchaeota are capable of light - independent autotrophic carbon assimilation into membrane lipid biomass, an hypothesis further strengthened by recent single cell phylogenetic identification and autoradiographic verification of carbon dioxide incorporation [16].

While 7 - dehydrocholesterol is tucked tightly within the lipids of skin cell membranes, previtamin D3 is an unstable compound that over a brief period of time converts into vitamin D3, causing it to be released from the cell membrane.12 Vitamin D3 then travels into the blood where it binds to vitamin D - binding protein (DBP).16 Eventually, it is delivered to the liver where it is converted into its primary storage form, calcidiol, which is likewise transported in the blood by DBP.8

Mice given astaxanthin were found to have accelerated body fat reduction (i.e., «fat burning») when combined with exercise, as compared to exercise alone in a 2007 study by Aoi et al. 9 Aoi reports the carotenoid seems to exert this effect by protecting the function of a lipid transport enzyme on the membrane of mitochondria that «fuels» energy production.

Aβ is believed to penetrate neuronal plasma membranes, where it leads to lipid peroxidation.10 It has also been implicated in deactivating a subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, thereby inhibiting conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and the eventual production of cellular energy as ATP.32 Another way Aβ affects glucose metabolism in the brain is that fragments of Aβ disrupt insulin signaling by binding to neuronal synapses, which alters their shape and function.15, 38 Insulin receptors are abundant at synapses, so if the integrity of the synapse itself has been compromised, the receptors won't function effectively.

As if that were not challenge enough for a brain that is already struggling to metabolize fuel efficiently, AGEs themselves have been shown to be neurotoxic, likely by inducing apoptosis (cell death) and lipid peroxidation — a process that is especially damaging to cells whose membranes are particularly rich in PUFAs.10, 33

The long chain omega 3 fatty acids EPA and DHA powerfully de-inflame the body by restoring natural balance to the lipid wall of the cell membrane (14).

Healthy skin produces antioxidants that interfere with the process by which a free radical atom or molecule, which is missing an electron and is thus rendered unstable, attacks the nearest stable molecule and absconds with a replacement electron — a bit of thievery that results in damage to all components of a cell including DNA, proteins, lipids and its membrane.

[34] In other animal studies, cyanidins protected cell membrane lipids from oxidation by a variety of harmful substances.

Every single cell in our body is surrounded by a lipid membrane made of cholesterol, fatty acids, and protein transport channels.