Sentences with phrase «by membrane proteins»

Immunological Invisibility Cloak Among them is Joel Linden, Ph.D., who recently reported that jamming signals transmitted by membrane proteins called adenosine receptors, which are expressed on T cells and on specialized cell - killing cells called NK cells, made both cell types more effective in halting lung metastasis of melanoma cells.

Not exact matches

It is caused by mutations on the ABCD1 gene, which codes for a membrane transporter protein.

The protein level of the milk can be adjusted by membrane filtration techniques or by adding skim milk powder.

Membrane trafficking within the Golgi complex is mediated by COPI (coat protein complex I)- coated vesicles.

Seeking alternatives to conventional antibiotics, Anna de Breij and colleagues at Leiden University Medical Center in the Netherlands developed SAAP - 148 — a short protein fragment, or peptide, that kills bacteria by poking holes in their outer membranes.

With the images produced by ECT, the team was the first to see how electron transport proteins were distributed in the membrane to form the nanowires.

The synaptic vesicle protein that mediates membrane fusion during exocytosis also regulates the rate and extent of this process by controlling vesicle tethering.

From a desire to develop breakthrough technologies for water filtration and purification, researchers have developed membranes with artificial channels inspired by the proteins that form the pores in biological membranes: aquaporins.

A team led by Carnegie's Wolf Frommer has revealed how membrane proteins were networked with each other and with the signaling proteins inside the cell.

Membrane fusion between vesicles and target membranes involves the zippering of a four - helix bundle generated by constituent helices derived from target — and vesicle — soluble N - ethylmaleimide — sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs).

To look for a possible protein responsible for transporting iron across cell membranes, postdoctoral researcher Hiromi Gunshin and colleagues at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston began by feeding rats a low - iron diet.

For instance, by building molecules on cell membranes, they hope to one day be able to manipulate the spatial organization of membrane proteins.

«By diversifying our labeling approaches, we also visualized different types of individual biomolecules in the chromosome - containing nucleus, including sequences in the DNA, proteins bound to DNA or the membrane that encloses the nucleus, as well as nuclear RNAs,» adds Yin, who is also co-leader of the Wyss Institute's Molecular Robotics Initiative, and Professor of Systems Biology at Harvard Medical School..

In mammals, iron is imported into cells by the membrane transport protein DMT1.

The discovery suggests limiting concentrations of PIP2 in cell membranes could help keep the harmful K - Ras protein hidden by the membrane in the «off» position.

A few years ago, Jihye Yun, then a graduate student at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, found that colon cancer cells whose growth is driven by mutations in the gene KRAS or a less commonly mutated gene, BRAF, make unusually large amounts of a protein that transports glucose across the cell membrane.

By tracing the integration of radioactively labelled proteins into the inner mitochondrial membrane, they were able to prove that OXA is necessary for this process.

The proteins produced according to the mitochondrion's genetic material are integrated by the OXA into the inner mitochondrial membrane.

The researchers from the University of Freiburg systematically searched for proteins integrated by OXA into the inner membrane after they had been imported via TOM and TIM.

Because of the lack of structural data for membrane proteins both in the presence and absence of anesthetics, it remains unclear whether anesthetics exert their primary effects by direct interaction with these proteins, or indirectly via interaction with the lipids surrounding them.

According to this new mechanism, the UPR is activated not only by misfolded proteins, but also by anomalous membrane lipid compositions.

The researchers began by creating large membrane models with embedded and dyed channel proteins; they then put them on a glass surface and measured them using a single - molecule measuring method known as fluorescence correlation spectroscopy.

The process by which new membrane proteins are sent to the membrane is called exocytosis.

Their young patient had a severe form of the disease known as junctional EB, caused by a mutation in a gene encoding part of the protein laminin 332, which makes up a thin membrane just below the epidermis.

Both unfolded proteins and aberrant membrane lipid compositions are sensed by Ire1 and can activate the so - called unfolded protein response.

This includes antimicrobial peptides and natural proteins that destroy pathogenic bacteria by disrupting their cellular membrane.

A cell membrane, plasma membrane or plasmalemma is a selectively permeable lipid bilayer coated by proteins which comprises the outer layer of a cell.

The researchers created antibodies to bind specifically to the reflectin proteins, which revealed that the reflectins are located exclusively inside the lamellae formed by the folds in the cell membrane.

Previously, kinetic analysis of GLUT4 was performed by using fluorescence proteins and an immunostaining method; however, it was impossible to precisely examine if GLUT4 in the cell had been transiently translocated to the cell membrane.

To figure out what gives the protein, called listeriolysin, its unique abilities, a team led by microbiologists Amy Decatur and Daniel Portnoy of the University of California, Berkeley, compared its amino acid sequence to that of another protein that drills holes through all kinds of membranes.

Researchers have known for decades that some microorganisms, such as single - celled green algae, have proteins that respond to light by opening a channel in the microbe's membranes, allowing the passage of electrically charged ions (such as calcium and sodium).

It has been found that the establishment and maintenance of polarity is governed by the interdependent relationship between the polarity marker protein on the plasma membrane (cell membrane), actin, the microtubule cytoskeleton, and membrane vesicle transport.

Early - stage data suggests the investigative LAMP - Vax technology works by fusing tumor antigens to a cellular protein known as LAMP (Lysosomal - Associated Membrane Prprotein known as LAMP (Lysosomal - Associated Membrane ProteinProtein).

However, endocytic waves may be initiated by clathrin through a positive feedback mechanism between clathrin and downstream proteins which includes actin regulating proteins as well as membrane proteins such as PIP3.

About thirty years ago, the group led by Prof. Dr. Georg Schulz at the University of Freiburg elucidated the structure of the beta - barrel membrane proteins: Strands of proteins extending in opposite directions create sheets that form a hollow cylinder by association of the first and last strand.

Two key events enabled organelles to develop: The precursor bacteria transferred many of their genes to the host's genome, and they developed a method of transporting the proteins produced by these and other genes back inside their own membranes.

A cell can change the amount of these cell surface proteins by internalizing small portions of the membrane through endocytosis.

The Z - ring is made up of the protein FtsZ, which polymerizes in the form of filaments that have an intrinsic curvature, as confirmed by experiments carried out with artificial membranes.

Endocytosis is a fundamental membrane trafficking process by which cells uptake external factors such as proteins and pathogens.

These cell activities are regulated by proteins normally found at the cell's membrane.

King and his fellow researcher, Krishna Sigdel, a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Physics, solved the problem by building their own force microscope that is able to study membrane proteins in conditions similar to those found in the body.

The junction moves from the front to the rear of the protozoan, probably powered by actin and myosin protein filaments, like those in human muscle, constricting the protozoan and pulling the host membrane over it.

In their latest research, Lawrence Rajendran, of the University of Zurich in Switzerland, and his colleagues discovered that, unlike non-amyloid proteins, the Alzheimer's - associated amyloid precursor protein is cleaved by β - secretase in membrane - bound compartments inside cells, called endosomes.

The team believed that because these proteins might be exposed on the surface of the membrane, they could conceivably be targeted by the human immune system.

As a part of the innate immune system, Cd14 helps the body respond to bacterial infections by producing a protein that binds to lipopolysaccharides within the outer membranes of some bacteria.

ACP was identified from a previous study done by the team in Southampton, in which they analysed the types of protein that were present in the membrane that is found underneath the «jelly - like» coat of the bacterium.

When I saw him again the next day, the reason for the question became clear: I had an opportunity to spend the summer abroad, working at the University of Zurich (UZH) in Switzerland and learning state - of - the - art purification techniques for membrane proteins in the group led by Andreas Plückthun.

Exocytosis is the process by which cells secrete packets of protein and carbohydrates outside their membranes to support extracellular processes like the construction of cell walls.

Studies by Pekka Lappalainen laboratory at Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Finland, now reveal that BAR domain proteins not only bend membranes, but also generate extremely stable lipid microdomains by inhibiting the lateral diffusion of certain lipids nearly completely.

By interacting with the actin cytoskeleton, underneath the cell outer membrane, and other structural proteins of the tight junctions, Alix ensures the formation of the actomyosin - tight junction complex at a specific position between adjacent cells.