Sentences with phrase «by messenger rna»

Stephen Warren of Emory University in Atlanta and colleagues suspected that the neurodegeneration is caused by messenger RNA (mRNA) that serves as the template for the protein.

Not exact matches

One way to shut down the communication link is through a snippet of RNA called «antisense» — which binds to the messenger RNA (a «sense» - making strip of nucleic acids) that is transcribed by a given stretch of DNA.

Then, researchers then sought a way to increase SMA gene product levels, the messenger RNAs (mRNAs), and thus protein levels by silencing or removing the SMN lnc - RNA.

DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) that carries the code to ribosomes, the molecular machines that build proteins by reading the mRNA instructions.

By using engineered zinc - finger nucleases (ZFNs) designed to target an integrated reporter and two endogenous rat genes, Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Rab38, we demonstrate that a single injection of DNA or messenger RNA encoding ZFNs into the one - cell rat embryo leads to a high frequency of animals carrying 25 to 100 % disruption at the target locus.

Analysis of endogenous small RNAs indicated that a fraction derive from a biosynthetic mechanism that is similar to that of secondary siRNAs formed during RNAi, suggesting that small antisense transcripts derived from cellular messenger RNAs by RdRP activity may have key roles in cellular regulation.

Splicing in vitro of a messenger RNA (mRNA) precursor (pre-mRNA) is inhibited by a monoclonal antibody to the C proteins (anti-C) of the heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA)- ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) particles.

Now we know that changes in RNA of the cumulus cells triggered by aging - induced hypoxia, are the key messengers.

Twiss, Kalinski, and colleagues had shown recently that messenger RNA located in peripheral nerve axons is an important part of the process by which the peripheral nerves are able to regenerate after injury.

Exosomes are small vesicles which are secreted by all cells and contain proteins and messenger RNAs and microRNAs.

Then they compared the expression of thousands of genes in two samples by measuring levels of messenger RNA.

They bond to proteins called PIWI and guide them to the messenger RNA produced by the jumping genes, which the PIWI protein then destroys.

But the RNAi mechanism can also be exploited to knock down any desired gene, by tailoring dsRNA to target the gene's messenger RNA (mRNA).

MicroRNAs are short RNA molecules that typically bind to complementary sequences in messenger RNAs, thereby controlling the amounts of specific proteins produced by cells.

First, it is a quality control mechanism used by cells to eliminate faulty messenger RNA (mRNA)-- molecules that are essential for transcribing genetic information into the construction of proteins critical for life.

RNA is the chemical messenger by which the information in genes is translated into protein.

Studies of embryonic stem cells revealed that NANOG protein levels can be lowered by a chemical process known as methylation, which involves putting a methyl group chemical tag on a protein's messenger RNA (mRNA) precursor.

Now, findings from Monell reveal that a person's sensitivity to bitter taste is shaped not only by which taste genes that person has, but also by how much messenger RNA — the gene's instruction guide that tells a taste cell to build a specific receptor — their cells make.

Any RNA, when in a complex with another oligoribonucleotide known as an external guide sequence (EGS), can become a substrate for ribonuclease P. Simulation of evolution in vitro was used to select EGSs that bind tightly to a target substrate messenger RNA and that increase the efficiency of cleavage of the target by human ribonuclease P to a level equal to that achieved with natural substrates.

Snippets of RNA known as short interfering RNA (siRNA) turn off specific genes inside living cells by destroying the messenger RNA molecules that carry DNA's instructions to the rest of the cell.

It is a crucial network in the nucleus, providing mechanical support to the nucleus and also regulating gene expression by making some areas of the genome less or more available to be transcribed into messenger RNA.

The conventional view is that the main function of RNA is to convey instructions from DNA to the protein - making factories in cells — a task carried out by large molecules of «messenger» RNA.

This binding of microRNA to messenger RNA prevents the protein from being made, either by blocking the process directly or by triggering other proteins that cut the messenger RNA into smaller pieces.

But researchers recently discovered that short pieces of RNA called microRNAs can control the production of specific proteins by targeting their messenger...

Elongation factor G (EF - G) is a guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) that plays a crucial role in the translocation of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and messenger RNA (mRNA) during translation by the ribosome.

They then measured the amount of messenger RNA of genes that were targeted by the dodder microRNAs and saw that the level of messenger RNA from the host was reduced when the dodder microRNAs were present.

Micro RNAs, or miRNAs, interact with messenger RNA after the miRNA is exported from the cell nucleus and processed by a team of enzymes.

The researchers found a protein that helps prevent human herpes virus 8 from replicating by detecting a specific modification on viral messenger RNA.

Through mapping proteins that can restrict viral infections, the researchers found a protein called YTHDF2 that can help regulate the human herpes virus 8 by detecting the m6A modification on viral messenger RNA.

Rather than replace the gene, the approach used by Ryszard Kole and colleagues at the University of North Carolina repairs the dysfunctional messenger RNA produced by the defective genes.

The blueprints for the synthesis of these molecules, in the form of messenger RNAs (mRNAs), are delivered to active synapses by a dedicated transport system.

Recently, scientists learned that microRNA genes can control this essential process by coding for a microRNA strip that binds to the messenger RNA, effectively turning off production of the protein.

At the Dana - Farber Cancer Institute and the Broad Institute, for instance, Todd Golub, a specialist in the genetics of cancer, had spent a decade learning how to identify malignant tumors by the pattern of protein - coding messenger RNAs expressed in their cells.

A similar mutation, detected by S1 nuclease mapping of LDL receptor messenger RNA, occurred in a patient with familial hypercholesterolemia whose receptor also fails to be transported to the cell surface.

«We're talking about messenger RNA (mRNA), which is used by the cell to synthesize these proteins.»

They had noticed that if they added double - stranded RNA to an organism, it somehow broke down any matching messenger RNA, muting the gene whose instructions are carried by that mRNA.

PARTICLE acts in three different ways to prevent expression of the MAT2A gene: 1) by winding around the MAT2A gene to create a DNA: RNA triple helix structure locking down the MAT2A gene promoter, 2) by binding the messenger RNA product of the MAT2A gene and preventing it being used for MAT2A protein synthesis and 3) transferring MAT2A messenger RNA into intracellular vesicles that are subsequently ejected from the cell.

To provide a molecular basis for understanding N - CAM function, the complete amino acid sequences of the three major polypeptides of N - CAM and most of the noncoding sequences of their messenger RNA's were determined from the analysis of complementary DNA clones and were verified by amino acid sequences of selected CNBr fragments and proteolytic fragments.

The team, headed by OIST's Prof. Alexander Mikheyev of the Ecology and Evolution Unit and Dr. Claire Morandin, post-doctoral scholar at the University of Helsinki, collected queens and workers and sequenced the transcriptome — the full range of messenger RNA molecules expressed by an organism — of 16 species of ants to create a co-expression network of 36 sets of genes, that represent groups of similarly expressed genes.

Biochemist Nirenberg of the National Institutes of Health gave a seminar describing a groundbreaking experiment in which he and a colleague had discovered how the cell interprets messenger RNA — by reading one triplet, or codon, of nucleotide bases at a time — to line up the amino acids that form proteins.

The mouse atlas was produced using a method called «in situ hybridisation», in which thin slices of brain tissue are bathed in a solution containing molecular probes that bind to messenger RNA sequences produced by each gene.

In some prokaryotes as well as in the organelles of some eukaryotes, splicing can be self - catalyzed by particular ribozymes with the help of magnesium ions, without the intervention of any protein machinery: the group II introns ribozymes are in fact able to self - regulate their own removal from the filament, thus promoting the maturation of messenger RNA.

Sancar and his team looked for bits of CRY1 and CRY2 messenger RNA — a chemical indicating that cells are making the protein specified by the gene — in the mice.

One gene set that stood out involved components of the spliceosome, the molecular complex that helps prepare messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts for protein production by removing noncoding segments called introns.

During this crucial step, messenger RNA (mRNA), which is a RNA copy of a gene's recipe for a protein, is translated by the cell's ribosome into the sequence of amino acids that will make up a newly synthesized protein.

Messenger molecules — messenger RNAs — are produced by these genes at a certain time of day.

Bacterial ribosomes stalled on defective messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are rescued by tmRNA, an ∼ 300 - nucleotide - long molecule that functions as both transfer RNA (tRNA) and mRNA.

Exosomes and other extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane vesicles containing protein, messenger RNA, microRNA, DNA, and lipids, which are secreted by various cells and are stable in body fluids including blood, saliva, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and breast milk.

The researchers showed that Hsp90 inhibition reduced production of AR - V7 through a new and unexpected mechanism of action — by changing the way that messenger RNA molecules carrying the code for AR - V7 are processed.

By examining human tissues, the team showed that messenger RNA for dardarin is made throughout the brain.