Sentences with phrase «by meters per»

Also predictable is that we can anticipate sea level rising by meters per century for centuries to come, and that the base of the ocean food chain will be drastically changed and probably reduced by ocean acidification.

Not exact matches

St. Louis - based Anheuser - Busch, the largest U.S. brewer, said earlier this month it had cut its water use by 32 per cent in the last five years by sponsoring preservation initiatives in water basins critical to its breweries, and by installing U.S. Department of Agriculture real - time weather and crop water - use data meters on suppliers» farms.

The government is going to cut the tax on sugar - based ethanol producers by 80 % — from 120 REALS per cubic meter to 25 REALS.

High - value crops such as vegetables, citrus fruits, grapes and apricots can by grown in the Middle East if 5,000 to 8,000 cubic meters of water (about 1.7 million gallons) per hectare (2.47 acres) are provided each year.

After careful evaluation, we learned that Hormel Foods does not have manufacturing operations in areas defined as water scarce regions by the World Resource Institute (annual renewable water supply per person < 1,700 cubic meters / person / year).

Simulations of Titan's atmosphere suggest these waves could be raised by winds as slow as 0.5 meters per second, which would barely move a wind vane on Earth.

Tropical monsoons in Indonesia and floods in the United States are both provoked by the Madden - Julian Oscillation (MJO), a process that results in pulses of clouds and precipitation moving eastward around the globe at about 5 meters per second.

Micallef and his team have hypothesized, based on earlier calculations by Garcia - Castellanos and his colleagues, that the torrent boosted the sea level in the eastern Mediterranean by at least 10 meters per day, refilling the entire sea in just a few years.

Riders charge side - by - side down a 26 - foot (eight - meter) ramp, angled at a 28 - degree slope, to build speed and acceleration of up to 40 miles per hour within the first six seconds of the race.

Scientists can measure how much energy greenhouse gases now add (roughly three watts per square meter), but what eludes precise definition is how much other factors — the response of clouds to warming, the cooling role of aerosols, the heat and gas absorbed by oceans, human transformation of the landscape, even the natural variability of solar strength — diminish or strengthen that effect.

To put that into perspective, the World Health Organization (WHO) puts the threshold for safe air at 25 micrograms per cubic meter, and India's Central Pollution Control Board limits exposure to 60 micrograms per cubic meter, said Cusworth, a member of the Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling Group led by Daniel J. Jacob, the Vasco McCoy Family Professor of Atmospheric Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, and Loretta J. Mickley, Senior Research Fellow at SEAS.

At even higher formaldehyde concentrations of 3.0 milligrams per cubic meter, however, the researchers observed an unexpected decrease in cilia beating frequency, possibly due to irreversible cell damage caused by the formaldehyde.

The pollen counts were consistently within the moderate range for trees, as determined by the local National Allergy Bureau criteria, greater than 15 grains per cubic meter.

By June 2013, the concentration reached 0.9 Becquerels per cubic meter, Smith said.

But how do the birds track these familiar sites hundreds of meters below as they zip by at 65 kilometers per hour?

Overall, the system's measurements varied by less than 0.2 meters per second over 10 days in the lab.

For example, meeting growing demand by finding a new source of water or by building a new dam in a place like California could cost up to 60 cents per cubic meter of water.

The droplets struck the surface with speeds ranging from 2 to 7 meters per second, and for a given speed, the researchers found they could eliminate the splash by lowering the pressure beyond a specific threshold.

This study shows that aragonite saturation state in waters shallower than 328 feet or 100 meters depth decreased by an average of 0.4 percent per year from the decade spanning 1989 - 1998 to the decade spanning 1998 - 2010.

So, the estimated safe threshold identified by the scientists, including NASA climatologist James Hansen, is 350 ppm, or a total increased warming of one watt per meter squared (current warming is roughly 1.5 watts per meter squared).

The results estimate that lifelong exposure to 100 micrograms of «total suspended particulates,» or TSPs, (minuscule solid particles floating in the air, such as pollutants) per meter of air cubed will shorten a person's life by three years, on average.

The team found that for each increase of 10 micrograms per cubic meter of air pollution (the equivalent of the difference in air quality between a city like Los Angeles, CA and a city like St. Louis, MO), a woman's risk of cardiovascular disease increased by 44 percent if she had type 2 diabetes.

Sequential images taken from orbit over the course of multiple years show that some of these dunes are migrating by as much as a yard, or meter, per Earth year.

These findings imply that every additional 10 micrograms per cubic meter of particulate matter pollution (PM10) reduces life expectancy by 0.6 years.

And the central government has set targets in its current five - year plan of 6.5 billion cubic meters of shale gas to be produced annually by 2015, jumping to at least 60 billion cubic meters per year by 2020.

The «water grabbing» by corporations amounts to 454 billion cubic meters per year globally, according to a new study by environmental scientists.

Whereas most of the nine spectral bands of imagery captured by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Landsat 8, launched in 2013, for example, are delivered at 30 - meter resolution, other commercial providers of remote - sensing images, such as Skybox Imaging and BlackBridge (formerly RapidEye), have the capability to deliver much higher resolutions — as fine as one meter per pixel.

Published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the study shows that in the most polluted areas of northern and eastern China, aerosol pollution is reducing the potential for solar electricity generation by as much as one and a half kilowatt - hour per square meter per day, or up to 35 percent.

Although the images are relatively low - resolution at just 6 meters per pixel, they reveal a bright object thought to be Schiaparelli's parachute, as well as a 15 - by -40-meter dark patch roughly one kilometer to the north of the parachute.

He estimates that a 0.3 - by - 0.3 meter array of oil - attracting needles could clean 1 liter of oil - contaminated ocean water per second — too little, he says, to feasibly clean up large areas of the ocean.

Assuming oil needs to be at least 1 micrometer thick to create a visible sheen, he explains, and assuming that an oil slick that thin has a 72 - hour lifespan at the surface, a leak of 14 gallons per day could only create a visible sheen 1.6 kilometers long by 91 meters wide.

The researchers, led by electrical engineering professor Alan Willner of the USC Viterbi School of Engineering, reached data transmission rates of 32 gigabits per second across 2.5 meters of free space in a basement lab at USC.

A 100 - year survey shows that the optimal elevations for growth of plant species in European temperate forests have shifted upward by about 30 meters per decade.

The position of the sun in our sky is dictated by the speed of Earth's rotation — it turns on its axis at a speed of 460 meters per second, or approximately 1,000 miles per hour!

In a series of experiments described in the September 24 issue of Science, researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Boulder, Colo., registered differences in the passage of time between two high - precision optical atomic clocks when one was elevated by just a third of a meter or when one was set in motion at speeds of less than 10 meters per second.

Winston's postdoc Lun Jiang notes that in the 1990s, evacuated tubes used for solar water heating cost more than US$ 100 per meter, but they now cost just $ 2 — 3 because of mass production driven by widespread use of the systems in China.

Electricity produced by a fuel cell by combining hydrogen and oxygen powered an electric motor to turn the two - seat test glider's propeller and enabled it to fly for roughly 20 minutes at 62 miles per hour (100 kilometers per hour) at about 3,300 feet (1,000 meters) above sea level.

«The solar radiative forcing of climate increased by 0.1 [watt per square meter].»

But the change from 2004 to 2007 in the sun's output of visible light, and the attendant warming at Earth's surface of 0.1 watt per square meter, is roughly equivalent to the overall forcing of the sun on the climate over the past 25 years — estimated by the U.N. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to be an additional 0.12 watt per square meter.

Pope and his team analyzed life expectancy, economic, demographic and pollution data from 51 metropolitan areas, and found that when fine - particle air pollution dropped by 10 micrograms per cubic meter, life expectancy rose by 31 weeks — such as in Akron, Ohio and Philadelphia.

Light had been slowed experimentally before by a factor of 165 (to 1,816,923 meters per second or so) using the transparency technique Hau employs.

Regardless, the solar change is dwarfed by the impact from the extra heat trapped by CO2 alone since 1750: an additional 1.66 watts per square meter, an effect that other greenhouse gases, such as methane, strengthen further.

But «by observing light going 17 meters per second, it gave impetus to a worldwide effort in that direction,» says Stephen E. Harris of Stanford University, who collaborated with Hau and first demonstrated electromagnetically induced transparency and slowed light with it in the early 1990s.

The researchers produced a power density of about 60 watts per square meter over multiple cycles, which is six to 10 times higher than the power density produced by other liquid - based thermal - electric energy conversion systems.

By analyzing variation in a specific bacterial gene in his samples — the greater the variability, the higher the variety of species — Fierer found that deserts contained up to twice as many bacterial species, roughly 10,000 per 10 square meters, as did acidic rain forest soils.

Scientists can also measure tiny variations in the velocity of the spacecraft, as accurate as only one foot (0.3 meters) per hour, by using NASA's Deep Space Network (DSN) to track the radio signal coming from Dawn.

More recently a team of Stanford University researchers led by Hari Manoharan were able to encode 35 bits of information per electron and write letters so small they are composed of subatomic bits of matter only 0.3 nanometers wide, or roughly one third of a billionth of a meter.

After sifting through these data, the team showed that a rise in CO2 levels of 22 parts per million in air boosted the amount of the sun's heat on the ground by 0.2 watts per square meter.

(This makes it clear why glaciers in coastal Norway are not as strongly influenced by temperature — at these locations, winter precipitation typically exceeds several ice - equivalent meters per year).

The solar radiative forcing is TSI in Watts per square meter (W - m - 2) divided by 4 to account for spherical geometry, and multiplied by 0.7 to account for planetary albedo (Meehl 2002).