Sentences with phrase «by microbes living»

However, many of the sources along the continental slope lie at cold depths in which ices have formed at high pressures within sea - floor sediments, which once trapped methane produced by microbes living there.

Between 80 % and 90 % of methane emitted from rice fields is produced by microbes living on plant roots; some of the gas dissolves into the water and bubbles up, but most is absorbed along with water by plant roots, travels up to the stems and leaves, and escapes into the atmosphere.

Not exact matches

Supply of limited resources is being further constrained by more severe and unpredictable climate events and more potent microbes, pests and diseases — causing food producers to more seriously consider the environmental life cycle impact of food production activities.

Of the remaining four billion years of Earth's history, our planet seems to have spent its first two billion as a «slime world» ruled by methane - belching microbes for which oxygen was not a life - giving gas, but a deadly poison.

Life on Earth could have been seeded by just one microbe - laden rock, but there are too many rocks to check, even if we had a foolproof test for extraterrestrial lLife on Earth could have been seeded by just one microbe - laden rock, but there are too many rocks to check, even if we had a foolproof test for extraterrestrial lifelife.

From Sewers to Streetlights, Microbes Are Grabbing Civil Engineers» Attention An understanding of how to cultivate a healthy «microbiome» in our living areas is now getting off the ground, boosted by next - generation DNA sequencing technologies.

Or perhaps a microbe - bearing rock was hurled by an impact into space and landed on Venus or Mars, which may have been more hospitable to life billions of years ago.

Spector and Clark's research is ongoing, and the team hope that, eventually, we will be able to reduce a person's disease risk by tweaking their microbiome with prebiotics — ingredients that promote the growth of beneficial microbes — and probiotics, doses of living organisms themselves.

The study also found that a lack of exposure in early life could not be compensated for by introducing the GF mice to a broader range of microbes in adulthood.

LIFE ON MARS A Martian microbe, envisioned by planetary geologist Kathie Thomas - Keprta, would need a tough outer wall to withstand the elements and magnetic crystals to help it navigate.

Antimicrobial peptides, produced by all living organisms as part of their immune defenses, kill microbes in several different ways.

Huang's research addresses fundamental questions about the rules bacteria live by — for instance, what determines their shape and how different wavelengths of light affect the movement of photosynthetic microbes (SN: 10/14/17, p. 17).

Yet scientists know very little about the rules the microbes live by.

They are all caused by microbes — minute organisms which have fascinated us ever since the Dutch merchant Anton van Leeuwenhoek discovered the invisible but teeming world of «small life» in the 17th century.

Scientists are keeping a close watch on variables that might affect life in the open ocean, including depleted oxygen levels caused by a feeding frenzy from oil - and gas - eating microbes, and the unknown effects of dispersants, which break the oil into droplets but may keep it suspended in the water.

For roughly an eon, life on Earth changed but little, dominated by hardy microbes in oceans starved of oxygen.

Using a sophisticated array of life - detection methods — the same methods being refined for the hunt for extraterrestrial life — Venkat has discovered a plethora of bizarre microbes thriving in the Spacecraft Assembly Facility, microbes that would have escaped detection by older technologies.

Preventive vaccines work by introducing harmless microbial chemical markers, known as antigens, which resemble the markers on living microbes.

The compound might help the animal defend against predatory fish, or it might actually be produced by symbiotic microbes living on the creature's surface.

To say that the cataclysm was caused by deep - living microbes would be excessive — but their methane may have had a lot to do with it.

Those genes might show that peak ring microbes — descendants of those that lived after the impact — derive their energy not from carbon and oxygen, like most microbes, but from iron or sulfur deposited by hot fluids percolating through the fractured rock.

To test whether a partial loss of plant - derived dietary fiber would result in a partial loss of native gut microbes, the authors also collected fecal samples from a semi-captive population of red - shanked doucs who lived in a sanctuary and received about half of the normal variety of plants eaten by wild doucs.

He and his coauthor, geochemist Stephen Mojzsis, also of the University of Colorado, found that if early bacteria were living more than 4 kilometers (2.5 miles) down, the impacts could have helped life by creating more hot - water - filled cracks for microbes to inhabit.

«We found that the Antarctic microbes have evolved mechanisms to live on air instead, and they can get most of the energy and carbon they need by scavenging trace atmospheric gases, including hydrogen and carbon monoxide,» she says.

However, researchers have long been puzzled by the fact that, over the long term, the steady fall of marine snow can not account for all the food consumed by animals and microbes living in the sediment.

Across the world's oceans, seas and coasts, tens of millions of tonnes of it are released by microbes that live near plankton and marine plants, including seaweeds and some salt - marsh grasses.

The average life span for a pygmy is only about 17 years; a leading cause of death is infectious disease carried by the miasma of microbes that flourish in the hot, moist jungle.

Researchers have determined the species of such unculturable microbes by identifying characteristic genetic fingerprints, but these tell them little about the microbes» lifestyles — which chemicals they burn for energy, for example, and how one species lives off the waste of another.

A range of health issues have been linked to the ecosystem of microbes that lives inside us, and babies born by C - section are thought to miss out on bacteria from their mothers» vaginal canal.

It jams up an enzyme crucial to the production of methane by microbes that live inside the animals.

Additional tests indicated that a separate group of microbes, ones that make their living by consuming sulfates, was also inhabiting the heavily fractured rocks.

Many others, he notes, suggest that samples are too easily contaminated during drilling by microbes that live in overlying sediments, or by inadequate precautions while handling the samples once they've been retrieved from the sea floor.

Informed by more than 1,000 newly sequenced types of microbe, Banfield's new tree reveals the diversity and long lineage of bacteria, which, along with eukaryotes and archaea, represent the three main domains of life.

These microbes make their living by consuming methane and sulfate compounds dissolved in the mineral - rich waters flowing through the immense networks of fractures in the crust.

«Rather than trying to develop new individual «bullets» that target single microbes we are attacking the biofilm that protects those microbes by literally tearing down the walls to expose the microbes living behind them.

Meanwhile, the latest book by U.S. neurologist and author David Perlmutter, Brain Maker: The Power of Gut Microbes to Heal and Protect Your Brain — for Life, has quickly found its way onto The New York Times bestseller list, with alluring tips on how to achieve neurological wellness through dietary changes and probiotic enemas.

These chronic infections are often caused by common, environmental microbes that mutate in ways that let them live and thrive in viscous lung secretions.

A research team led by graduate student researcher Shannon Hagerty and Paul Dijkstra, biological sciences associate research professor, measured two key characteristics of soil microbes that determine their role in the soil carbon cycle: how efficiently they use carbon to grow and how long they live.

On the other hand, many anaerobic microbes including methanogens are easily poisoned by oxygen, and the recent discovery of banded sediments with rusted iron on Akilia Island in West Greenland suggests that oxygen - producing, photosynthetic microbes (e.g., cyanobacteria) living on the surface of wet areas to gather sunlight may have developed by the end of this geologic period (3.85 billion years ago) despite continuing bombardment from space.

As proposed by Andrew Goldsworthy in 1987, cyanobacteria and later chloroplast - related protists and plants developed after microbes that used a purple pigment bacteriorhodopsin that absorbs green light dominated the oceans, and so the new photosynthetic cyanobacteria were forced to use the left - over light with chlorophyll that reflects green light, which was too complex to change even after purple - reflecting photosynthetic lifeforms were no longer dominant (Debora MacKenzie, New Scientist, September 10, 2010 — more on the evolution of photosynthetic life and plants on Earth).

Scientists are still trying to explain how this microbial diversity comes about, but it is likely influenced by factors including diet, environment, host genetics and exposure to microbes early in life.

By looking at its genome, the researchers discovered that the microbe lives as a parasite on Ignicoccus.

Even if such efforts succeed, they won't necessarily cause native Mars life to be swamped by microbes from Earth, Rummel said — especially if Red Planet organisms exist only underground, where they're shielded from harmful radiation.

The community of microbes living here is known as the gut microbiota (MY - kroh - by - OH - tuh).

Analysis of that sample showed that early Mars offered environmental conditions favorable for microbial life, including the key elemental ingredients for life and a chemical energy source such as used by some microbes on Earth.

If a terrestrial microbe hitched a ride, it could be picked up by the mission's tests, causing scientists to wrongly believe they had discovered alien life.

«There is a great deal of interest in the microbes of the Earth's crust because the strategies by which they survive may be similar to the earliest strategies of life on Earth, and perhaps also on other planetary bodies,» said Rachel M. Haymon, UCSB professor of geology.

It is even possible that life on Earth may have evolved from life forms ejected from Venus, because pieces of planets were blasted off of each other much more frequently in the early Solar System by asteroidal and cometary impacts, and so microbes from Venus could easily have ended up landing on Earth (Sean Henahan, Access Excellence, February 5, 1997; and David Grinspoon, 1997).

The fossils discovered in these formations include stromatolites — layered rock structures created by communities of ancient microbes — and several other signatures of microbial life, such as a microbial palisade texture preserved in stone, and bubbles that were most likely trapped in a sticky substance produced by ancient bacteria.

The microbes are able to live in such extreme conditions, researchers say, because they generate energy by combining carbon dioxide with hydrogen from rocks in the geothermal spring.