Sentences with phrase «by molecules on»

The experiments included sorting immune cells found at injury sites by molecules on their cellular surfaces, and many hours looking at mouse cells through the microscope.

Not exact matches

More amazingly, we now know that beneath the crust of Enceladus is a global ocean of liquid saltwater and organic molecules, all being heated by hydrothermal vents on the seafloor.

Oh, the Calvinists could make perfect sense of it all with a wave of a hand and a swift, confident explanation about how Zarmina had been born in sin and likely predestined to spend eternity in hell to the glory of an angry God (they called her a «vessel of destruction»); about how I should just be thankful to be spared the same fate since it's what I deserve anyway; about how the Asian tsunami was just another one of God's temper tantrums sent to remind us all of His rage at our sin; about how I need not worry because «there is not one maverick molecule in the universe» so every hurricane, every earthquake, every war, every execution, every transaction in the slave trade, every rape of a child is part of God's sovereign plan, even God's idea; about how my objections to this paradigm represented unrepentant pride and a capitulation to humanism that placed too much inherent value on my fellow human beings; about how my intuitive sense of love and morality and right and wrong is so corrupted by my sin nature I can not trust it.

Out of the Gordon Conference on nucleic acids in the summer of 1973 came an open letter to Science; the establishment (in October 1974) by the National Institutes of Health of the Recombinant DNA Molecule Program Advisory Committee; and in February 1975 the now - famous international conference at the Asilomar Conference Center in California, where a reluctant decision was made by scientists to declare a temporary moratorium on certain kinds of DNA research.

And in any such case, it then becomes the interactions which experience has shown will have an impact on the molecule which controls the shape it takes and not anything intrinsic to the molecule considered in itself, or explained simply by the quantum mechanics of its constituents.

Hence Whitehead is involved in contradiction on two - sides: volitions are both self - determined and physically - determined; molecules are and are not determined by general physical laws (PW 234 / 259f).

«What we have described as globalization is remarkably close to Teilhard de Chardin's planetization, in which «[mankind, born on this planet and spread over its entire surface, come [s] gradually to form round its earthly matrix, a single, major, organic unity, enclosed upon itself.4 Thus the globalization of humankind could lead to the formation of a new kind of living entity — a social organism — on the same cosmic principle as that by which atoms join to form molecules, molecules join to form mega-molecules, mega-molecules unite to form living cells, and innumerable cells constitute an organism.

A corollary of this view, on the part of some scientists, is that the phenomenon of mentality in human beings can be explained by the complex interaction of molecules and atoms in the brain, as epiphenomenon of matter.

As one moves up levels of organization — electrons, atoms, molecules, cells, and so on — the properties of each larger whole are given, not merely by the units of which it is composed, but by the new relations among these units.

(He assumed that this molecule had the opportunity to develop by natural chemical reactions on 100,000,000,000,000,000,000 (1020) «hospitable» planets over a period of four billion years.

Waddington's paper in Towards a Theoretical Biology follows on from one by Brian Goodwin («A Statistical Mechanics of Temporal Organization in Cells») in which Goodwin looks at the question of how ordered systems like cells, and still more macro-organisms, supervene on the movements of their constituent molecules, and how one is to close the gap between molecular biology and cell physiology.

Finally, DNA appeared on the scene, the ultimate holder of information copied from the genetic RNA molecules by reverse transcription.

Lewontin, Rose and Kamin discuss the different levels at which atoms assemble to make molecules, molecules assemble to make cells and so on: «as one moves up a level the properties of each larger whole are given not merely by the units of which it is composed but of the organizing relations between them... these organizing relationships mean that the properties of matter relevant at one level are just inapplicable at other levels» (NG 278).

For the first time, researchers have made a molecule simply by pressing two atoms together and making them bond on command.

On Earth, the brightest auroras (the high - altitude glows often called the northern and southern lights) are generated when electrons in outer space near Earth are accelerated by large electrical potentials, or voltages, along the lines in our planet's magnetic field and slam into gas molecules in the upper atmosphere above polar regions.

Although some quantities of these molecules could have been contamination from Earth, the large amounts seen by SAM suggest they exist on Mars.

For the first time, we've made a molecule by pressing two atoms together to make them bond on command.

The research team led by Schneider; David Go, Rooney Family Associate Professor of Engineering in aerospace and mechanical engineering; and Jason Hicks, associate professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering, discovered that because the nitrogen molecules are activated by the plasma, the requirements on the metal catalysts are less stringent, allowing less expensive materials to be used throughout the process.

A prototype metal - free flow battery developed by engineer Michael Aziz and colleagues at Harvard University relies on the electrochemistry of naturally abundant, small organic molecules to store electricity generated from renewable, intermittent energy sources.

He works by tweaking the chemical structures of the drugs, sometimes changing just a few molecules to see what impact this might have on the interaction between the drug and the brain receptors their parent compounds normally act upon.

Volatile release stimulated by volicitin may also depend on the octadecanoid pathway, raising the possibility of cross talk between this molecule and the wound - induced expression of defense genes.

When they react to external stimuli, by binding molecules, for example, a structural transformation takes place on the inside that triggers a signalling cascade (see 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry).

«We now need to identify how this effect is pass through multiple generations by investigating the effects alcohol has on the genome and epigenome (molecules that control gene translation),» said Cameron.

By contrast, tacking add - ons to C60 typically creates molecules that are far less stable than the original.

Geneticists and information scientists have built and are building models for the transition of organic molecules to self - replicating living organisms, based on theories of Earth's early development provided by astronomers, geologists, and oceanographers and on the evidence of fossilized microorganisms discovered by paleontologists.

The company had identified a molecule, CGP3466B, that in laboratory tests protected neurons from degeneration by inhibiting apoptosis, and had tested it in clinical trials on patients with Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or ALS.

But it's only because it's on the microscopic level that this structure can overcome the problem of maintenance: the molecules that control the wheel and axle reach it by diffusing through the cell's cytoplasm.

Decisions are made by highly trained smell specialists who design molecules based on predictions of how they will smell.

The Methods: Photochemical modeling by a Caltech team indicates that ethane, a hydrocarbon detected on Titan by both of the Voyager spacecraft and the European Infrared Space Observatory, is created when solar ultraviolet light breaks down methane, a minor component of Titan's nitrogen - rich atmosphere, into a stew of organic molecules that form a dense orange - brown smog.

The authors chose to use computational methods to study the influence of intermolecular interactions between different types of molecules — in this case, they simplified the approach by limiting it to methane and activated carbon — on adsorption.

Studies of hydrogen molecules in the Venusian atmosphere by NASA's Pioneer - Venus probe indicate that the planet once had liquid water on its surface, perhaps even expansive oceans.

Baur and colleagues examined the role of NAD precursor molecules on mitochondria by specifically disrupting the «NAD salvage pathway,» in mouse skeletal muscle.

Many scientists believe that the aging process is caused by the gradual buildup of a huge number of individually tiny faults — some damage to a DNA strand here, a deranged protein molecule there, and so on.

Targeted cancer treatments are designed to attack molecules produced by mutations, but if the targeted mutation occurs on an evolutionary branch and not the trunk, the treatment will fail as other branches dominate and treatment resistant cells spread.

The BPEC cell developed by the researchers is based on the naturally occurring process of photosynthesis in plants, in which light drives electrons that produce storable chemical energetic molecules, that are the fuels of all cells in the animal and plant worlds.

The mushroom - shaped protein specializes in infecting cells, first by binding a trio of sites on its head to three separate sugar molecules on the surface of targeted cells.

The Mast Cells and Basophiles: Targets for Innovative Therapies project, funded by COST funding BM1007 of the EU, brings together European experts focusing on the identification of new target molecules for drug development, including allergy drugs.

Furthermore, the researchers found that by altering the size of the ripples, and the type of molecules on the surface, they could achieve fast and controlled motion of molecules other than water..

Its starchy home is torn asunder by enzymes from the pancreas, and now our intrepid electron is adrift on a molecule of glucose.

Professor Angelos Michaelides, from the Thomas Young Centre and London Centre for Nanotechnology (LCN) at UCL, lead researcher of the study, explained: «Atoms and molecules usually move across materials by hopping from one point on their surface to the next.

This is important, as a molecule of ozone lost in this region has a far larger impact on climate than a molecule destroyed at higher altitudes by longer - lived gases.»

The water - hating molecules are prevented from combining with their counterparts on other strings by the action of water - loving molecules, which form little pockets of protection around neighboring water - hating molecules.

A decade of post-genomic biology has also focused new attention on the regions outside protein - coding genes, many of which are likely to have key functions, through regulating the expression of protein - coding genes and by making a slew of non-coding RNA molecules.

Charge separation on one end of the peptide creates a dipole moment (indicated by ellipses) that aligns with the electric field and rotates the entire molecule.

As a transiting planet passes in front of its star, some starlight passes through the planet's atmosphere and continues on toward Earth — minus certain spectral frequencies that have been absorbed by molecules in the atmosphere.

But Eastoe and other chemists are creating genuine supersoaps by finding ways to get surfactant molecules to lose their foamy properties [pdf] under particular conditions so that the foam can, in effect, be turned off and on at will.

Charge separation on peptides creates permanent dipole moments that can be aligned with an electric field to provide optimal orientation of the molecules and the amount of peptide immobilised can also be tuned by the electrostatic interactions when the peptides have an overall charge.

Guided by specially tailored RNA molecules, the gene for the enzyme can be inserted anywhere on the chromosomes, and it delivers an attached transgene to the site, like a locomotive pulling a freight car.

When G - CSF activates its receptor, it ultimately activates proteins called STATs; the team engineered the cells to churn out the light - generating protein luciferase, which would be turned on by the STAT molecules.

The Princeton researchers posited that they could control the light that bounces off a molecule or any substance by controlling the light shone on it, which would allow them to alter how it looks.