Sentences with phrase «by molecules within»

The scientists studied the star - forming clouds by analyzing radio waves emitted at specific, known frequencies by molecules within the clouds.

However, radiation emitted by a molecule within a solid will generally be absorbed by the immediately neighboring molecules: it doesn't get very far.

Not exact matches

The chemical environment of the molecule and the molecule itself are in constant, dynamic interaction, influenced by the magnitude of physical forces and configuration of chemicals within the cell.

In the words of chemist - turned - philosopher Michael Polanyi, the sequence of nucleotides is «extraneous to» the physical and chemical properties within the molecule» which is to say, the sequence is not determined by inherent physical - chemical forces.

This means that when food is broken down by enzymes within your stomach and pancreas, some food molecules can still remain in your small intestine.

Eating an unhealthy diet can lead to poor digestion of food, meaning that when food is broken down by enzymes within your stomach and pancreas, some food molecules can still remain in your small intestine.

The test, which could be available to patients within two years, identifies the chemical signatures found in the plasma of blood joint proteins damaged by oxidation, nitration and glycation; the modification of proteins with oxygen, nitrogen and sugar molecules.

A three - dimensional x-ray diffraction study of aspartate transcarbamylase to 5.5 - angstrom resolution, with the aid of four isomorphous heavy atom derivatives, indicates the presence of a central aqueous cavity approximating an oblate spheroid about 25 by 50 by 50 angstroms in dimension, within a molecule about 90 by 110 by 110 angstroms in largest dimensions.

In bird eyes, suitable radicals are believed to be generated within cryptochrome, a light - absorbing protein that produces an as - yet - unidentified signaling molecule in a quantity determined by the field direction, resulting in an avian magnetic compass.

By using nanotechnology and chemistry to restructure perhaps the most important molecule ever discovered by scientists, we go from a structure that can not cross the natural barriers within the skin to one that freely traverses them.&raquBy using nanotechnology and chemistry to restructure perhaps the most important molecule ever discovered by scientists, we go from a structure that can not cross the natural barriers within the skin to one that freely traverses them.&raquby scientists, we go from a structure that can not cross the natural barriers within the skin to one that freely traverses them.»

Because of their importance in cells, fatty acids» functions and metabolism, or breakdown have been widely studied by biologists, but the standard techniques makes it difficult to visualize precisely where these molecules are located within the cells.

Tritium, another harmful radionuclide, can not be safely removed by any known purification system because it is incorporated within water molecules.

ORDER FROM DISORDER Maxwell's Demon (illustrated above) is a hypothetical creature that could illegally decrease entropy, or disorder, by separating faster molecules (blue) from slower ones (green) within a box of gas.

Scientists usually get around this problem by studying electrons within certain neutral atoms and molecules, in which internal fields far stronger than any external field can be induced.

Using tunneling ionization and ultrashort laser pulses, scientists have been able to observe the structure of a molecule and the changes that take place within billionths of a billionth of a second when it is excited by an electron impact.

The computational protocol, which was validated by assembling physical peptides in the chemistry lab and comparing them to the computer models, may one day enable drug developers to craft novel, therapeutic peptides that precisely target specific disease - causing molecules within the body.

A team of physicists has succeeded in performing an extraordinary experiment: They demonstrated how magnetism that generally manifests itself by a force between two magnetized objects acts within a single molecule.

Attacking the perennial problem of systemic toxicity from typical chemotherapy treatments, Dartmouth investigators, led by Barjor Gimi, PhD, have engineered therapeutic cells encapsulated in nanoporous capsules to secrete antitumor molecules from within the tumor.

By tracking S - RNase with glowing molecules, the scientists found that — in both compatible and incompatible breeding — the pollen trapped the enzyme within a compartment, where it couldn't do any harm.

Benoit and her team were able to manipulate the time it took for hydrogels to dissolve by modifying groups of atoms — called degradable groups — within the polymer molecules.

While previous research had shown some effectiveness of this molecule in a mouse model of ovarian cancer, that benefit was limited by the immunosuppressive environment within tumors, particularly the presence of regulatory T cells (Tregs).

The researchers then injected the flies with ATP inactivated by its enclosure within another molecule.

By tracking a limited ensemble of diffusible molecules over time, the spatiotemporal dynamics of molecules and the connectivity within microcompartments can be obtained in addition to superresolved (tracking and localization microscopy, TALM).

PHILADELPHIA --(April 18, 2018)-- An international team focused on HIV cure research spearheaded by The Wistar Institute in collaboration with the University of Pennsylvania and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) in Barcelona, Spain, established that the CD32 molecule is not a preferential biomarker to identify HIV silent reservoirs within the immune system of patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART), as proposed by a recent landmark study.

Observations by Maria Womack (Pennsylvania State University), Michel C. Festou (Observatoire Midi Pyrenees, Toulouse), and Alan Stern (Southwest Research Institute) have measured the abundances of a number of suspected «parent molecules» within Comet Hyakutake.

Measurements made by NASA's late - great Cassini probe indicate the presence of life - sustaining chemicals within the plume, including organic and nitrogen - bearing molecules, salts, silicates, and molecular hydrogen.

To address the issue of short sequencing reads, the Experimental Genomics group at SciLifeLab Stockholm, led by associate professor Afshin Ahmadian and his PhD students Erik Borgström and David Redin, has developed a new technique that is capable of analyzing millions of single DNA molecules in parallel, while maintaining information of how the genetic variants within these molecules are linked.

Lectins act as a deterrent against creatures consuming plants or seeds by binding to carbohydrate molecules present in cell membranes within the gut.

In some cases, they help regulate inflammation by altering the activity of messaging molecules within our body's inflammatory system.

Most of us know this, but as a refresher, ATP is the energy molecule manufactured by the mitochondria that lie within just about every cell in our bodies.

In their research, published in Nature Materials in March, they showed they could align the small crystals within the plastic polymer by applying a thin layer of organic molecules on to the surface.

What is relevant is the probability that such a photon will be absorbed by (or more generally interact with) a susceptible molecule (CO2) within the given length.

PS when molecular collisions are frequent relative to photon emissions and absorptions (as is generally the case in most of the mass of the atmosphere), the radiant heat absorbed by any population of molecules is transfered to the heat of the whole population within some volume, and molecules that emit photons can then gain energy from other molecules.

The assertion is that because individual molecules of CO2 leave the atmosphere within a few years, claims of a building threat from the heat - trapping properties of this trace gas (amplified by feedbacks) are overblown.

One is that the mechanism for the GHG warming is that the radiated energy from the air is absorbed by the GHGs to heat the GHG molecule to 900 + degrees, then the energy is released within microseconds and a few centimeters back to the air by collisions with the air, to return the air & GHGs to equilibrium temperature.

As gas molecules move apart or rise higher within a gravitational field kinetic energy gets replaced by potential energy.

Located within a man - made cultural landscape of a Dutch polder (land reclaimed from the sea), the firm was engaged by Delta Development Group in 2007 to create a new model of sustainable development that implements the Cradle to Cradle philosophy holistically and at all scales — from the city to the molecule.

The net result is that the total amount of CO2 increased with one molecule CO2, no matter if all fossil CO2 was replaced by natural CO2 within minutes.

Imagine these atoms within a molecule as tiny balls, linked by immaterial springs.

Within a volume of the atmosphere, none of the molecules are exactly at the mean kinetic energy, all are below or above average by at least a small amount, and some are above or below average by large amounts.

It can be studied by semi-classical statistical mechanics and the result is that the velocities of molecules (translational kinetic energy) within a volume of gas in equilibrium are distributed according to the Maxwell - Boltzmann distribution.

I have no measurement of how many molecules are contained within these super fine mist particles by I do know that once water has transformed from single molecules to a liquid state the radiation is no longer on a per band or per line basis but as a gray body curve devoid of radiation windows.

if by «that process» you mean the diffusion of air molecules within the firn when the pockets, pores and interconnecting channels are much larger than the diameter of the individual gas molecules, allowing normal Fickian diffusion to take place.

In effect the evaporation sucks energy from the oceans against the thermal gradient within the ocean bulk and despite the warming of the topmost molecules caused by infra red radiation and then expels it to the air in the form of latent heat carried by water vapour.

You had to elaborate your answer by saying that gases with non polar molecule symmetry do not absorb or emit energy within the temperature parameters with any application in engineering, e.g. O2, N2, H2..., while gases with polar molecule symmetries are significant absorbers and emitters of radiative energy, e.g. H2O, CO2, SO3... for engineering applications, depending of their density, temperature and pressure in a given environment.

And if you inject any photons into this hypothetical N2 constructed radiation cavity, of any wavelength, it will all be absorbed by the N2 molecules within 100 % absorption regardless of wavelength.»

That means that the net addition from nature to the observed increase is zero (even if a lot of CO2 molecules were temporarely added, within a year more molecules — the same or others — were removed by the same cycle or different cycles).

And if you inject any photons into this hypothetical N2 constructed radiation cavity, of any wavelength, it will all be absorbed by the N2 molecules within.

And «thermal radiation» is produced within an envelope that is the Planckian Black Body Spectral distribution; modified by some spectral emissivity, that may be very much less than 1.0 specially for gases (any gases, including monoatomic, homo - diatomic molecules, or even GHG molecules.