Sentences with phrase «by neurons»

These electrodes are used to record the electrical activity produced by the neurons, and also to electrically stimulate the brain.

It has not been clear which receptors are expressed by these neurons and what role they play in odor perception.

Apparently these things are not generated by neurons but arise from the brain's physical structure and wiring.

The activity in one region is influenced by neurons sending signals from other regions.

What advantages could they offer that could not be offered by the neurons generated shortly after birth?

Despite the complexity of our brains, a simple linear calculation by our neurons can immediately identify a smell, they say.

Using optogenetics, they controlled the amount of dopamine released by neurons in the nucleus accumbens.

While the NIH project attempts to map the large - scale connections between brain regions, some scientists want to pry deeper: They aspire to eventually map the human brain neuron by neuron, constructing a full «wiring diagram» of our most complex tissue at its most fine - grained.

Hormonal signals released by neurons affect our moods, emotions, and appetites.

Modafinil also indirectly alters the action of glutamate, the main neurotransmitter used by neurons in the brain to send signals down the line.

When an electrode is close to a neuron, it can record the current produced by the neuron when it fires.

Memories are at least not imaginary — they are complex relations formed by our neurons that record (accuracy aside) information.

Glassy carbon electrodes are also unique in that these electrodes have capacity not only to deliver and receive higher - quality electrical signals, but they can also simultaneously detect in real - time electrochemical signals (neurotransmitters, like serotonin and dopamine) released by neurons as they communicate with the electrode.

Meaning and morality are illusions caused by neurons and hormones.

Neuronal activity typically requires sensory input — for example, a taste or smell — that gets received by neurons» dendrites and then transmitted as an electrochemical message to other cells via long axons.

The authors also noticed that a small number of neurons did not possess this ability — they fired indiscriminately to both tones; but these were vastly outnumbered by neurons that responded only to the dangerous tone.

A vital next question is how information about regret encoded by neurons in the OFC influences decision - making in the rest of the brain, Vaughan says.

The paper «Nav1.1 - Overexpressing Interneuron Transplants Restore Brain Rhythms and Cognition in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease» was published online by Neuron on March 15, 2018.

Signals generated by the neurons affect the behavior of the plane.

The slow process is initiated by the neurons when the host experiences stress, like sunburn, hormonal changes or physical trauma.

Both drugs inhibit reuptake, or reabsorption, of these neurotransmitters by neurons, thus prolonging their action.

This clinical setup is the starting point for these two related but quite different studies that provide fascinating new details about whether the brain, like a camera, captures a literal rendition of a face or whether that image is synthesized in the brain by neurons in the cortex.

«We believe that there is a connection between mishandling of tau by neurons and neuronal dysfunction,» said Gan, who will serve as the principal investigator for the project.

Companies trawl the web to gather billions of images and use them to train an algorithm inspired by neurons in the brain, called a deep neural network.

«We think it's a last - ditch effort by neurons to get rid of bad proteins,» Dickey says.

These findings suggest that disrupted MCT2 - mediated uptake of lactate by neurons contributes to memory dysfunction in type 2 diabetic rats.

BDNF, which stands for «brain - derived neurotrophic factor,» is synthesized naturally by neurons and is crucial to neuronal development and specialization.

To test their prediction, the team studied how two different memories with overlapping associative features are coded by neuron groups in the mPFC of rat brains, and how these codes change over time.

The research, published in the current issue of the journal Science, demonstrates that brain cells, known as astrocytes, which play fundamental roles in nearly all aspects of brain function, can be adjusted by neurons in response to injury and disease.

Tau, she found, can be released by neurons into extracellular space, where it can be picked up by other neurons.

To look for signs of neurogenesis, the researchers hunted for specific proteins produced by neurons at particular stages of development.

The signals processed by these neurons are carried to distinct regions in the mushroom body (involved in spatial memory formation), suggesting that the spatial information about pheromones are maintained from the surface of the antenna up to the mushroom body.

Using this method, researchers found that the information of ESP1 was routed differently in males and females by neurons in a region of the brain called the amygdala.

This makes it a common target for antidepressants, which block serotonin from being reabsorbed by neurons after it has dispatched its signal, so more of it stays floating around the brain.

The scientists discovered that a class of mechanoreceptors in the skin that detect painful mechanical stimuli are part of a feedback circuit in which excitatory neurons that produce the hormone somatostatin are inhibited by neurons that synthesize dynorphin (a natural analgesic molecule that produces effects similar to opiates).

Neuronal pentraxin - 2 is naturally produced in the body, primarily by neurons — nerve cells that carry electrical impulses and chemical signals.

The cell culture experiments showed that MAbs prevented the uptake of misfolded α - syn fibrils by neurons and sharply reduced the recruitment of natural α - syn into new Lewy body aggregates.

The compound is detected by a neuron which expresses the olfactory receptor Or47b; this receptor responds exclusively to methyl laurate.

The challenge is that growth - promoting signals vary by neuron and cancer type.

A previously undescribed protein increases signals transmitted by neurons by amplifying two major signaling pathways.

Neurons that did not die during the injury sprout new connections, attempting to regain their functions and take over functions that may have been lost by neurons that did die.

This altered circadian function of somatostatin in subjects with bipolar disorder consists of a sharp decrease in somatostatin expression by neurons in the early morning, in comparison to a rise in the same neurons during this time interval in healthy control subjects, according to Pantazopoulos.

Although the genetic links between norepinephrine and its receptors and transporters are not as clearly understood as those for dopamine, medications such as atomoxetine that inhibit norepinephrine reuptake by neurons do improve symptoms.

This protein is secreted in large quantities by neurons in response to stressors.

The sense of time is crafted by our neurons, which deploy cunning tricks to measure the moments as they pass.

Axon and dendrites are usually interconnected by the neuron's cell body.

«A comparison of the two brain regions showed an initial amazing transformation in the way empty sets are portrayed by neurons,» says Andreas Nieder.

Normally, the protein is secreted by neurons when they are stimulated, which is thought to help strengthen synapses.