Sentences with phrase «by neurons into»

Not exact matches

By using a method like Pick Up, Put Down neurons link together into circuits controlling learning, memory, and social behavior, according to Science News, and in turn, the method affects where neurons end up and the connections they form.

Leptin circulates in the blood and crosses into the brain, where it is sensed by leptin receptors expressed on neurons in the hypothalamus.

To transmit electrical signals along a neuron, a strong difference in charge between the interior and exterior of the cell is needed, which is created by pumping positive ions into the cell.

Using a high - resolution analysis of how individual neurons and their connected brain networks processed this touch information, designed by neurocomputational scientist Alberto Mazzoni and physics scientist Anton Spanne, the groups got an unexpected insight into the brain representations of the external world experienced through touch.

Nusinersen, which is injected into the spine and works by temporarily enabling SMA patients to make more of the survival motor neuron protein, is one of the most expensive drugs on the market.

We already knew that the brain is constantly adapting throughout our lives, for example by generating new neurons well into adulthood.

The bacteria, when injected into mice, activate a set of serotonin - releasing neurons in the brain — the same nerves targeted by Prozac.

When the researchers tracked the stem cells in the mice's brains, they saw that only about 5 percent of them actually developed into neurons, suggesting the cells did not rescue memory by replacing dead neurons, LaFerla says.

To visualize this activation, a needle - thin glass lens was inserted into the hypothalamus, and images of flashing neurons were recorded by a miniature, portable microscope attached to the mouse's head.

There, the cells differentiate into interneurons, an important subcategory of neurons that are called «inhibitory» because they tamp down firing by «excitatory» neurons.

In addition to helping understand disease by providing more powerful study models, «what this technology would allow you to do is reprogram a skin cell, for example, from a Parkinson's patient... into a pluripotent cell and then in a petri dish redirect that cell into... a neuron» to treat that patient.

Once the neuron stably incorporates both types into its membrane, it can be excited by blue light and subdued by yellow.

The cells were put into a special culture and then suspended in a gel and stimulated by nutrients, all geared to turn them into neurons like those found in the cortex.

They then induced Parkinson's symptoms in laboratory rats by killing the rodents» dopamine - producing neurons with toxins, and injected the viruses into the damaged tissue of some of the animals.

Normally, pain is triggered by a set of danger - sensing neurons, called nociceptors, that extend into the organs, muscles, and skin.

A study in the International Society for Stem Cell Research's journal Stem Cell Reports, published by Cell Press on November 20 shows that a Sox2 protein, alone or in combination with another protein, Ascl1, can cause nonneuronal cells, called NG2 glia, to turn into neurons in the injured cerebral cortex of adult mice.

Zheng, together with Leah Boyer, then a researcher in Gage's lab and now director of Salk's Stem Cell Core, generated diseased neurons by taking skin cells from patients with Leigh syndrome, reprogramming them into stem cells in culture and then coaxing them to develop into brain cells in a dish.

The results obtained by Afsaneh Gaillard's team and that Pierre Vanderhaeghen at the Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Human and Molecular Biology show, for the first time, using mice, that pluripotent stem cells differentiated into cortical neurons make it possible to reestablish damaged adult cortical circuits, both neuroanatomically and functionally.

«Our study suggests that direct current stimulation can compensate somewhat for the loss of dopamine by decreasing the effort the brain has to put into getting its motor neurons to fire,» adds Shadmehr, the senior author of a report on the research published online in The Journal of Neuroscience on Sept. 2.

The researchers implanted stem cells from mouse embryos into the brains of rats and mice whose dopamine - producing neurons had been obliterated by a toxin.

I wouldn't say that we have provided any great insight into that, other than to say that neurons acquire the ability to grow that extensive distance by virtue of their genetic profiles.

By observing the cells in action and over time the team showed how most stem cells divide only for a few rounds before they mature into neurons.

Many antidepressants that target serotonin work by blocking serotonin transporters that reabsorb the neurotransmitter into a neuron, so it can be reused after it has sent a chemical signal.

Belgian researchers have identified a new strategy for treating an inherited form of dementia after attempting to turn stem cells derived from patients into the neurons most affected by the disease.

By using «artificial neurons» — essentially lines of code, software — with neural network models, they can parse out the various elements that go into recognizing a specific place or object.

Excited into action by the electrical charge, neurons communicate with each other and with muscles to create movement.

They did this by packaging CasRx into a virus and delivering it to neurons grown from an FTD patient's stem cells.

When methamphetamine is administered after a period of withdrawal, however, the dopamine released by the midbrain neurons has the opposite effect on the acetylcholine cells, prompting them to release the chemical into the striatum.

The cell culture experiments showed that MAbs prevented the uptake of misfolded α - syn fibrils by neurons and sharply reduced the recruitment of natural α - syn into new Lewy body aggregates.

The approach used by Carleo and his collaborators takes this into account by using a layer of «hidden» neurons, which allow the computer to encode the correct quantum state in a much more compact fashion.

He mentioned mouse studies by Chris Fiorillo, now at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), who inserted genetic sequences that code for a light - sensitive protein called channelrhodopsin - 2 into dopamine - producing neurons of mice.

«In this study, we showed that by just doing a rearrangement of the top electrode into a fractal geometry then we can stimulate the neurons within the open - circuit voltage of silicon photodiodes.»

Another unexpected discovery, Dyer said, was the point during development when the immature cells transition from making new tissue by dividing rapidly, to differentiating into a mature retinal neuron.

Finally, they showed that they could cure the inflammation by transplanting gut neurons from healthy fish into the diseased fish.

The neuron pathways activated in the moths were tracked by inserting a 16 - channel electrode into the moth's antennal lobe, where the moth processes odor information from its antennae.

A new paper published in Neuron by a team of neurobiologists led by Professor Andreas Nieder at the University of Tübingen gives insight into just how the brain manages this problem.

«Interestingly, even the slightest manipulation of this balance changes the pattern of blood vessel growth, causing the blood vessels to grow into the motor neuron region prematurely,» explains the first author of the study, Patricia Himmels, a doctoral candidate in the research group led by Dr Ruiz de Almodóvar.

«By blocking this message, the mutant GlyRS enzyme causes the motor neurons to go into decline and even die, which breaks the connection between the brain and the muscles in the limbs.»

But it also damages neurons that don't lie directly in its path, because it is trailed by a pressure wave that transfers the energy of bullet into the surrounding brain tissue.

But a broad range of brain disorders may be treatable by blocking astrocytes» metamorphosis into toxic cells, or by pharmaceutically countering the neuron - killing toxin those harmful cells almost certainly secrete.

By taking measurements on each side of a synapse leading into the cerebral cortex, the team could measure when neurons were firing, the strength of the signal and the signal - to - noise ratio.

Recent research by neuroscientist Fred Gage and colleagues at the University of California (UC), San Diego, has shown that one of the most common types of jumping gene in people, called L1, is particularly abundant in human stem cells in the brain that ultimately differentiate into neurons and plays an important role in regulating neuronal development and proliferation.

So - called hair cells in the inner ear convert sounds into neural signals that are relayed to the brain by spiral ganglion neurons, the study notes.

These problems are caused by a type of white blood cells called T cells that, after becoming activated, find their way into the brain and attack the protective covering — myelin — of neurons in the brain and spinal cord, causing inflammation and damage to the central nervous system.

These, such as verapamil, diltiazem, nifedipine, nitrendipine and nimodipine are not only widely used to treat hypertension, and hence might affect cognition by increasing cerebral blood flow, but also block the entry of calcium ions into neurons.

In the paper, publishing September 26 in the ISSCR's journal Stem Cell Reports, published by Cell Press, iPSCs from nonhuman primates successfully developed into the neurons depleted by Parkinson's disease while eliciting only a minimal immune response.

The researchers, led by Fred Gage at the Salk Institute for Biological Sciences in La Jolla, California, were investigating how neural stem cells decide whether to turn into neurons or support cells.

Cocaine and methamphetamine affect the brain by blocking the normal transport of dopamine back into neurons.

Many cells lit up, and when the researchers took a closer look, they found that L1 jumped into several genes typically expressed by neurons.

By implanting electrodes into the somatosensory cortex — the brain region that registers touch — Brecht and his team have identified the neurons that activate physical responses to tickling (Science, doi.org/bsxv).