Sentences with phrase «by nitrogen atoms»

In the study the researchers have modified the graphene by replacing some of the carbon atoms by nitrogen atoms.

The nitrogen - vacancy (NV) center is a defect in the atomic structure of a diamond where one carbon atom in the diamond lattice is replaced by a nitrogen atom, and an adjacent site in the lattice is vacant.

This is how the identification of smallest magnetic fields with diamond sensors works: in the tiny diamond tip, two adjacent carbon atoms are being removed and one of the resulting vacancies is replaced by a nitrogen atom.

Not exact matches

Two experimenters, the late Lord Rayleigh and the late Sir William Ramsay, found that if they obtained nitrogen by two different methods, each equally effective for that purpose, they always observed a persistent slight difference between the average weights of the atoms in the two cases.

There are basically two types of lines, those produced by collisions between the atoms or ions and the electrons in the surrounding gas, which are called collision lines, and which are very bright for elements such as oxygen, nitrogen and neon, and lines which are produced when ions capture free electrons, which are called recombination lines, and which are bright only for those gases with the highest abundances in the interstellar medium: hydrogen and helium.

The distribution of nitrogen atoms after the dissociation allowed the identification of the «active sites» for this reaction, which are formed by the low - coordinated, top metal atoms of atomic steps.

The atomic size and structure of nitrogen make it an excellent choice for this purpose because it can fit naturally into a strong network of carbon atoms by creating bonds (sp2) in which electrons are shared by the whole network.

By raising the temperature to 85 °C and adding more hydrogen, the researchers got some of the paired nitrogen atoms to add two more hydrogens; then, each nitrogen atom left its partner completely to form ammonia (NH3).

An «NV -» center can be created within a diamond's scaffold - like structure by replacing a missing carbon atom with a nitrogen atom (N) that has trapped an electron making the center negatively charged.

By focusing on nitrogen atoms, Timothy A. Cross of Florida State University and his co-workers were able to determine exactly how M2 functions.

A nitrogen - vacancy center is an atomic - scale defect formed in the diamond lattice by substituting a nitrogen atom for a carbon atom and creating a neighboring void in the crystal lattice.

In air, nitrogen exists as a molecule made of two atoms stuck together by an incredibly strong triple bond.

Haem, for example, consists of four pyrrole - type rings joined by carbon bridges to form a larger ring system called a macrocycle which consists of 20 carbon atoms and 4 nitrogen atoms.

David Hambling says: «In molecular nitrogen, two atoms are connected by a triple bond that releases a load of energy...

Some of these light - element nuclei also might be produced by cosmic rays shattering atoms of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and other elements in the interstellar medium.

By extending the coherence time of electron states to over half a second, a team of scientists from Berkeley Lab, UC Berkeley, and Harvard University has vastly improved the performance of one of the most potent possible sensors of magnetic fields on the nanoscale — a diamond defect no bigger than a pair of atoms, called a nitrogen vacancy (NV) center.

XRD data of all the flash states studied revealed an anomalous diffraction signal from Mn that is not complicated by signals from the overall protein matrix of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and other metals, or even by the Ca atom, which is a part of the five atom Mn4Ca metalloenzyme complex.

Nitrogen, in the form of nitric oxide (one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom), has been detected for the first time on the surface of Mars by a team of researchers using the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument suite aboard NASA's Curiosity rover, adding to the growing speculation that life could have once flourished on ancient Mars.

Reddish and bluish light that often appears in the lower fringes of auroras is produced by ions striking atoms of nitrogen.

Highly energetic gamma - and X-rays, with wavelengths as small as or smaller than atoms, are absorbed by oxygen and nitrogen in the upper atmosphere.

They replaced particular carbon atoms in the hexagonal lattice with boron and nitrogen atoms using surface chemistry, by placing suitable organic precursor compounds on a gold surface.

Nitrogen, for instance, would be represented by 2 identical balls, each standing in for an atom of — you guessed it — nitrogen.