Sentences with phrase «by nitrogen gas»

Not exact matches

Switching from coal to natural gas would reduce sulfur dioxide emissions by more than 90 percent and nitrogen oxide emissions by more than 60 percent.

It contains 90 % coffee by weight, with diversion of this nitrogen - rich food from landfills and the recycling stream supporting achievement of waste diversion and greenhouse - gas targets;

There are basically two types of lines, those produced by collisions between the atoms or ions and the electrons in the surrounding gas, which are called collision lines, and which are very bright for elements such as oxygen, nitrogen and neon, and lines which are produced when ions capture free electrons, which are called recombination lines, and which are bright only for those gases with the highest abundances in the interstellar medium: hydrogen and helium.

Previous modelling attempts to resolve the paradox by loading the early atmosphere with greenhouse gases assumed that it has always had the same amount of nitrogen.

In these anoxic environments, anaerobic bacteria feast on the decaying phytoplankton, and in the process cause the denitrification of nitrate into nitrogen gas, which can not be used as a nutrient by most phytoplankton.

Global agricultural emissions of the gas have increased by 20 per cent in the last century as a result of widespread use of nitrogen - based synthetic fertilizers.

Particles of nitrogen - containing porous carbon are able to capture carbon dioxide from natural gas under pressure at a wellhead by polymerizing it, according to researchers at Rice University.

Some scientists suspect that nitrogen gas existed on Mars, but was blasted away by asteroid impacts billions of years ago.

First, engineers reduce the volume of the gas by cooling it to the temperature of liquid nitrogen (196 degrees C), which is easier to attain than liquid - hydrogen temperatures.

Sandia National Laboratories» Mike Beabout and Patrick Barnes, left to right top, and Mark Stroman and Jamison Lee, left to right bottom, prepare a nitrogen - powered gas gun for the labs» Alternative Pyroshock Test by installing a resonant cone to a resonant beam.

Any nitrogen not taken up by plants is met by soil microbes that turn the fertilizer into nitrous oxide, an ozone - depleting gas that is also 300 times more potent than carbon dioxide.

Its availability in the biosphere is limited by the fact that the global occurrence of nitrogen is confined largely to the gas N2 in the atmosphere.

Previous modelling efforts to resolve the paradox by loading the early atmosphere with greenhouse gases assumed that it has always had the same concentration of nitrogen.

The question has stumped oceanographers for decades: How is dissolved nitrogen gas transformed into a kind that can be used by living things?

Now a report in the 26 January Physical Review Letters suggests that searing hot temperatures generated inside the bubbles drive out nitrogen and oxygen, leaving behind a stunning light show produced by the trace gas argon.

Scientists have converted a gentle flow of gas directly into an electric current by flowing common gases like oxygen, nitrogen, or argon over a special kind of semiconductor.

Ammonia is currently made by a reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen, called the Haber - Bosch process, where hydrogen is produced from reforming natural gas.

Natural gas produces a quarter of the nitrogen oxides emitted by coal and half the carbon dioxide for every unit of electricity generated.

This anthropogenic addition of nitrogen has reached a magnitude comparable to about half of global ocean nitrogen fixation (the natural process by which atmospheric nitrogen gas becomes a useful nutrient for organisms).

-- For a covered entity described in section 700 (13)(C), 1 emission allowance for each ton of carbon dioxide equivalent of fossil fuel - based carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, or any other fluorinated gas that is a greenhouse gas (except for nitrogen trifluoride), or any combination thereof, produced or imported by such covered entity during the previous calendar year for sale or distribution in interstate commerce.

Potent greenhouse gases, such as nitrogen oxides produced by denitrifying bacteria in overfertilized Chinese farming lands or methane released by archaea in the millions of ruminant animals in Australia and New Zealand, may have contributed substantially to global warming.

When the star's ultraviolet radiation strikes the gases in the nebula, they heat up, giving out radiation ranging in wavelength from blue — emitted by hot oxygen in the bubble near the star — to yellow — emitted by hot hydrogen and nitrogen.

A significant greenhouse gas not yet addressed by the IPCC (or the Kyoto Protocol) is nitrogen trifluoride.

By producing more food on less land, it may be possible to reduce these emissions, but this so - called intensification often involves increasing fertilizer use, which can lead to large emissions of nitrogen - containing gases that also contribute to global warming.

Nitrogen - fixing bacteria are the chief means by which nitrogen gas in the air is changed into a form that plants and animals can use.

If I'm understanding this correctly, then, much of what's doing the re-radiating is ordinary oxygen and nitrogen that have had the energy from excited CO2 (and other greenhouse gases) transferred to them by collisions.

The EGR system works by recirculating some of the exhaust gas back into the intake to lower combustion temperatures and cut emissions of nitrogen oxides.

The systems employed by BLUETEC serve in particular to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx)-- the only constituent part of the exhaust gases which, due to the design of the diesel, inherently lies above the value for petrol engines.

One should also pay attention to other greenhouse gases, particularly methane (from rice paddies, ruminant animal digestive processes, industrial processes, and distributed natural sources, some of which could be triggered to large releases by warming) and nitrous oxide (from the nitrogen cycle linking the atmosphere, plants, and bacteria, now exacerbated by extremely heavy use of nitrogenous fertilizers in agriculture; note, as does Vaclav Smil from the University of Manitoba, that fertilizer use is required to feed half the world's current population.

Almost immediately (nanoseconds) they relax from their excited state by either 1) emitting that energy as a new photon, some of which will continue up towards space, some of which will go back downward to be reabsorbed, thus keeping the energy in the atmosphere longer, or 2) by colliding with another gas molecule, most likely an O2 (oxygen) or N2 (nitrogen) molecule since they make up over 98 % of the atmosphere, thereby converting the extra vibrational energy into kinetic energy by transferring it to the other gas molecule, which will then collide with other molecules, and so on, making the air warmer.

Our paper on the nitrogen cycle shows, as an example, how human ingenuity, by inventing an artificial «enzyme» that can convert the abundant gas, N2, into ammonium, changed the cycle for that element.

On Thursday, the Obama administration announced a «comprehensive approach» to enlist American farmers in a voluntary effort to cut greenhouse gases — carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrogen oxides — through programs and incentives designed to reduce fertilizer use, encouraging tree planting, and turn poop into power by capturing methane.

Just as there is no «33 °C warming by greenhouse gases from the minus 18 °C it would be without them» — when the real blanket which slows heat loss is reinstated — the heavy voluminous fluid ocean atmosphere of real gas, mainly nitrogen and oxygen, and when the Water Cycle is reinstated.

Compare with electronic transition absorption of visible light by the electrons of the molecules of nitrogen and oxygen in the atmosphere, the real gas Air, which is what gives us our blue sky, reflection / scattering.

Petra December 16, 2012 at 2:12 am said:» That oxygen and nitrogen may insulate the earth against some cooling, does not preclude greenhouse gasses from being warmed by IR»

That oxygen and nitrogen may insulate the earth against some cooling, does not preclude greenhouse gasses from being warmed by IR.

(The main components of the atmosphere — nitrogen and oxygen — are not greenhouse gases, because they are virtually unaffected by long - wave, or infrared, radiation).

Just as the real gases of nitrogen and oxygen and carbon dioxide have been replaced by sleight of hand by the real world physics imaginary «ideal gas», without mass therefore not subject to gravity and without weight, and without volume and attraction, which means, their Greenhouse Effect atmosphere is empty space, which is why they have no sound.

But it's also the by - product of fossil fuel combustion, and when a refinery or power plant reduces its greenhouse gas emissions (by becoming more energy - efficient, for example), it also releases fewer smog - forming chemicals like nitrogen oxides, less of the sulfur dioxide and soot that can irritate lungs and cause respiratory disease, and fewer toxic emissions linked to cancer and neurological disorders.

The reliability of supply provided by our nation's network of storage and distribution facilities has contributed to the increased use of natural gas in many sectors of the U.S. economy, which has led to reductions in air emissions — ranging from criteria pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, to greenhouse gases.

The methodology, developed jointly by Michigan State University (MSU) and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), makes it possible for farmers to participate in carbon markets by creating greenhouse gas (GHG) offsets by reducing the amount of nitrogen used to fertilize crops.

The example I've given is of visible light in the atmosphere being bounced around the sky, actually reflected / scattered, by the electrons of the molecules of nitrogen and oxygen which comprise c98 % of our fluid gas atmosphere.

The real world's atmosphere was likened to a real greenhouse which has both heating and cooling mechanisms in place to get optimum growing conditions for plants, in other words, in the real world's analogy of greenhouse with convection and open windows, all the gases which are our atmosphere are greenhouse gases, primarily nitrogen and oxygen for the stability of temperature by gravity and wind and water for cooling by convection of gases with volume.

California environmental goals include reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 40 % from 1990 levels by 2030 and by 80 % by 2050, as well as reducing nitrogen oxides (NOx) and other health - harming pollutants in areas of the state with the highest levels of air pollution by 2032.

95 The case for crop - based biofuels was further undermined when a team led by Paul Crutzen, a Nobel Prize — winning chemist at the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry in Germany, concluded that emissions of nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas, from the synthetic nitrogen fertilizer used to grow crops such as corn and rapeseed for biofuel production can negate any net reductions of CO2 emissions from replacing fossil fuels with biofuels, thus making biofuels a threat to climate stability.

We know by lab measurements that CO2 and water vapor are greenhouse gases (as are methane, nitrogen oxides etc).

Automobile exhaust and industrial emissions release a family of nitrogen oxide gases (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOC), by - products of burning gasoline and coal.

Therefore we reasoned that, by studying the experimental temperature profiles (e.g., using weather balloons), we could quantify the magnitude of the greenhouse effect for each profile at all altitudes, by subtracting the parts of the temperature profile that could be explained in terms of the thermodynamic properties of the bulk gases (i.e., nitrogen & oxygen).

Carbon dioxide production by humans is less than 11 % of the world's production of CO2, which in turn is less than half of the less than 0.1 % of atmospheric gases that are not oxygen or nitrogen.

According to the Department of Energy, if the transportation sector switched to natural gas, it would cut the nation's carbon - monoxide emissions by at least 90 percent, carbon - dioxide emissions by 25 and nitrogen - oxide emissions by up to 60.