Sentences with phrase «by observations and models»

So, in the scientific world, global warming is an accepted reality, backed up by observations and models — and the questions now are focusing on discrepancies between models and observations.

It asserts that most behaviors are learned by observation and modeling.

Not exact matches

That said, the case has been made that if the Christian god exists, then «God should be detectable by scientific means simply by virtue of the fact that he is supposed to play such a central role in the operation of the universe and the lives of humans», with the conclusion that» [e] xisting scientific models contain no place where God is included as an ingredient in order to describe observations.»

This model is well understood theoretically and strongly supported by recent high - precision astronomical observations such as WMAP.

A theoretical model, then, is an imagined mechanism or process, postulated by analogy with familiar mechanisms or processes and used to construct a theory to correlate a set of observations.

By validating model results against geological observations, the study indicates that changes in runoff, sea level and wave energy have profoundly affected the past evolution of the Great Barrier Reef not only in regard to reefs evolution but also sediment fate from source - to - sink.

Computer modeling and satellite observations suggest that these tiny particles can increase storm - cloud cover over certain regions of the North Pacific by 20 to 50 percent, enough to alter storm tracks in some cases.

The model matches the observations of slow - moving nebulae by Romanowsky's team, Dekel says, because telescopes would see most of the nebulae at the farthest and slowest points of their long orbits.

Both computer modelling and observation suggest that these crops are fully pollinated by wild bees.

Nevertheless, the measurement was exceptional, because it was the first observation of its kind in light nuclei,» concludes Prof. Fornal and stresses that the measured delay times of return to the basic state correspond to an acceptable extent with the values provided by the new theoretical model, which further enhances the attainment of the achievement.

«In contrast to the long tradition of field guides authored by expert natural historians, Map of Life draws on collective wisdom, amalgamating global data sets of species observations from published sources and using a series of modeling techniques to convert them into species range maps,» Goldsmith wrote.

Combining computer models constructed largely by Princeton University researchers with on - ship observations, the researchers determined the movement and energy of the waves from their origin on a double - ridge between Taiwan and the Philippines to when they fade off the coast of China.

This modeling would be aided by observations that somehow capture the direction of the magnetic field within the CME as it leaves the sun and by «a better understanding of how the magnetic field will change and evolve as the CME makes its multiday transit from the sun to Earth,» Viereck says.

While there are many debates in regards to how the Earth's internal evolution is driven, the model created by the team seemed to find an answer that better fits available observations and underlying physics.

«Its existence was predicted by the standard model of particle physics and the fact that there's — we got a glimpse of it, it looks like it may very well be there — is a real victory for that model of science where you test, you put forward conceptual models of the way the world or the universe works and test those models against the observations and see the extent to which they can predict new observations and when they do, it gives you increased confidence in the models.

In fact, the way science progresses is by conceptual models being put forward and then testing them against observations.

Now, scientists have studied Vega with the CHARA interferometer, an array of telescopes in California yielding crisp views of stars, and modeled the observations by using new computations of how fast - spinning stars age.

Computer models can give a good estimate of mantle flow and crustal uplift, he said, and GNET's mission is to make those models better by providing direct observations of present - day crustal motion.

By combining satellite images of the ice sheet and wind stress data from observations and computer modeling, Greene and his collaborators were able to study the chain of events that brings the warm water to Totten.

By comparing the models to recent observations of clusters in the Milky Way galaxy and beyond, the results show that Advanced LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational - Wave Observatory) could eventually see more than 100 binary black hole mergers per year.

Dr. Mike Sleutel continues: «We were struck by the unexpected complexity of the process, which proved to be far more intricate than the working models we and other in the field had prior to these observations.

According to the researchers, to better understand if Matthew's intensification was aided by the warm - water eddies and the residing barrier layer in the Caribbean Sea's upper ocean, more ambient and in - storm upper ocean observations in this basin are needed to improve forecast models for the region.

They then used the earlier observations of the changing abundances of the three pairs of predators and prey — leveraging data sets collected by other scientists — to show how the models would apply.

The team calculated the change in the amount of heat entering the ocean using a state - of - the - art high resolution ocean model developed and run by NOC scientists that is driven by surface observations.

They tested the model against regional forest mortality observations from scientific forest plots, aerial surveys done by the U.S. Forest Service, and satellite measurements.

Based on earlier observations and modeling by Falke and a team of graduate students and faculty at CSU, the Arikaree River in eastern Colorado, which is fed by the aquifer and used to flow about 70 miles, will dry up to about one - half mile by 2045.

The structure is further demonstrated by the 3 - D magnetic modeling based the observations of Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board Solar Dynamic Observatory.

Shown are the 1988 - 2014trends in springtime ozone levels on days that were very smoggy (top panel) and of average smogginess (bottom panel), from observations (left) and from a model built by the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (right).

«Guided by observations that show that the membrane thickness varies from pole to pole, we constructed a mathematical model that considers the egg to be a pressurized elastic shell that grows and showed that we can capture the entire range of egg shapes observed in nature,» said Mahadevan.

Employing such reservoirs into their models is supported by geophysical observations of two, continent - sized regions — one below the Pacific Ocean and one below parts of the Atlantic Ocean and Africa — sitting atop the core - mantle boundary.

In this technique, scientists initiate a computer model with data collected before a past event, and then test the model's accuracy by comparing its output with observations recorded as the event unfolded.

Temperature observations are sparse around the hostile continent, but scientists recently modeled the ocean current knock - on effects of these wind changes, which have been caused by ozone thinning and by the buildup of greenhouse gases.

«However, it is the bringing together of observations by ecologists, theory from biologists, physics from land surface modellers and climate science in the global modeling, that is revolutionary.»

The model is supported by observations from satellites, ground - based networks that measure ozone - depleting chemicals in the real world, and by observations from two decades of NASA aircraft field campaigns, including the most recent Airborne Tropical Tropopause Experiment (ATTREX) in 2013 and the Atmospheric Tomography (ATom) global atmospheric survey, which has made three deployments since 2016.

«This study confirmed that ocean circulation physics and K. brevis biology are equally important and that both immediate and short term prediction may be achieved using a combination of circulation models supported by in situ observations of physical, biological and chemical variables and satellite imagery,» concluded the researchers.

FMI has been involved in research project, which evaluated the simulations of long - range transport of BB aerosol by the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS - 5) and four other global aerosol models over the complete South African - Atlantic region using Cloud - Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) observations to find any distinguishing or common model biases.

Researchers have been actively engaged in observational research and the establishment of theoretical models of AGNs, but it is just the beginning of the study on the shielding effect on molecules, which was discovered by these ALMA observations.

The successful applicant will work with world leading experts in advanced analytical / numerical modelling, analysis of high - resolution observations obtained by cutting - edge ground and space based instruments.

The proportion of dwarf novae may be lower than found in catalogs, or they may have a much smaller duty cycle in general as proposed by some population synthesis models and recent observations in the field.

After a general trashing of various things including surface observations and climate models, he admitted that his prediction for the globally - averaged warming (of ~ 1.5 C by 2100) is within the IPCC range... albeit at the low end.

The project may involve the following topics: — Interaction of the solar wind with magnetised and unmagnetised planets — Space weather forecasts — Numerical (HPC) and analytical modelling of MHD wave processes and jets in solar and astrophysical plasma — MHD wave observations and solar magneto - seismology — Application of advanced data analysis to solar system science — Physics of collisionless shocks (including planetary and interplanetary shocks)-- Analysis of multi-point measurements made by space missions, e.g Cluster (ESA), THEMIS (NASA), MMS (NASA)

From 1966 to 2003 the modeled mean world ocean temperature in the upper 700 m increased 0.097 Â °C and by 0.137 Â °C according to observations (Levitus et al., 2005); the modeled mean temperature adjusted for sea ice in the corresponding layer of the Arctic Ocean increased 0.203 Â °C.

«Confronting models of gas and dust evolution in protoplanetary disks with observations» by Paola Pinilla, postdoc / Hubble Fellow, Steward Observatory

ALMA observations by a team of astronomers led by Nadia Murillo and Shih - Ping Lai have found the youngest disk around a protostar to date, at an earlier stage than predicted by most models.

Various global temperature projections by mainstream climate scientists and models, and by climate contrarians, compared to observations by NASA GISS.

Methods: As reported in Geophysical Research Letters, the team led by scientists from PNNL and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory used both observations and models to derive their new formula.

This analysis by Sedláček & Knutti (2012) does not attempt to connect modelled and observed ocean warming patterns with human activity, but does demonstrate that natural variability is incompatible with the warming in the 20th century simulations, and with historical observations.

A very recent study by Saba et al. (2015) specifically analyzed sea surface temperatures off the US east coast in observations and a suite of global warming runs with climate models.

Rather than use a model - based estimate, as did Hansen (2005) and Trenberth (2009), the authors achieve this by calculating it from observations of ocean heat content (down to 1800 metres) from the PMEL / JPL / JIMAR data sets over the period July 2005 to June 2010 - a time period dominated by the superior ARGO - based system.

Professor of Economics and Research Chair in Energy, Ecology and Prosperity at the Frontier Centre for Public Policy Dr. Ross McKitrick discusses the wide disparities between the expected results of climate models and real - life observations, during an in - depth interview for The New Criterion by Ben Weingarten