Sentences with phrase «by open ocean waters»

«Before the industrial revolution, over 98 % of warm water coral reefs were surrounded by open ocean waters at least 3.5 times supersaturated with aragonite» says Cao.

Not exact matches

Coastal waters play an important role in the carbon cycle by transferring carbon to the open ocean or burying it in wetland soils and ocean sediments, a new study shows.

Scientists are keeping a close watch on variables that might affect life in the open ocean, including depleted oxygen levels caused by a feeding frenzy from oil - and gas - eating microbes, and the unknown effects of dispersants, which break the oil into droplets but may keep it suspended in the water.

The Malaspina Expedition, led by the Spanish National Research Council, has demonstrated that there are five large accumulations of plastic debris in the open ocean that match with the five major twists of oceanic surface water circulation.

The trends revealed by the data were clear: The average albedo in the northern area of the Arctic Ocean, including open water and sea ice, is declining in all summer months (May - August).

The council also predicts that by the end of the century the famously ice - locked Northwest Passage through the Arctic Ocean will become open water in summer.

The event is organized by the Coney Island Polar Bear Club, a group of dedicated open - water swimmers who brave the numbing ocean every Sunday from November through April.

But now I really think this is going to transform oceanography by giving us a persistent presence in the ocean — a presence that doesn't require a boat, can operate in any weather condition, and can stay within the same water mass as it drifts around the open ocean.»

We know that open water was no barrier to travel in the Pleistocene — humans must have crossed hundreds of kilometres of ocean to reach Australia by 50,000 years ago.

By looking at the platelets of open water fish under the microscope, the team found that the platelets align well on vertical axes, allowing fish to reflect the predictable downward direction of light in the open ocean.

The recurring signature image of «The Master» — which is also the opening shot — is the aforementioned view of the ocean seen from a high deck on the rear of a ship, the waters roiled by the propellers deep below the surface.

As Fred immerses himself in the life of a pub owner, Elly takes the ferry out to a nearby island where she — to the disbelief of the locals — is consumed by her ritual of open water ocean swimming, pushing herself to the limits.

Tranquil Swimming Lagoon — Protected from the open - ocean waters of the Pacific by lava rock jetties.

Inshore water exposed to open ocean conditions contains numerous islets and rocky reefs, as well as channels partly bounded and protected by land.

Features a Double or Twin beds, ocean views, private pool, WiFi Internet, facing the sunset, set on the edge of water overlooking the bay, private deck, open bathroom with wooden bathtub, access by hillside staircase, and dedicated 24 - hour butler service.

This is one of the largest kitchens on the island and opens out onto a timber deck area - Entertainment pavilion on lower level with ocean views featuring, an alang - alang thatched roof and Palimanan stone floor with billiard table, TV, DVD and stereo system, sofa polished concrete bar stools and washroom OUTDOOR LIVING: - 25m infinity swimming pool with spectacular ocean views and features shallow end for children - Poolside deck with sun loungers and daybeds - Large stone terrace featuring stone table seating 14 guests - Stunning landscaped gardens designed by one of Bali's premier landscape architects featuring manicured lawns, running water features, exotic trees and flowering plants.

Within 3 days (or more days if you need it), you'll be a qualified Open Water diver and ready to unleash your excitement by diving at Sipadan, Mabul and Kapalai islands and later on the planet's oceans.

The sea offers infinite possibilities for holiday fun and is the perfect destination for those with a passion for beach life and water - logged activities; for those who are inspired by an open view on the ocean.

Over the long night, when the Arctic Ocean is mostly totally frozen, the only (non cyclonic) clouds that be are caused by leads (from open water), caused by tidal and wind effects, there are no other aside from ocean air fOcean is mostly totally frozen, the only (non cyclonic) clouds that be are caused by leads (from open water), caused by tidal and wind effects, there are no other aside from ocean air focean air flows.

I think what Alastair is alluding to is the fact that, say by 2050 when the arctic ocean will conceivably be ice - free in the summer, the atmosphere will have a much higher relative humidity than it has currently because of the open air = water interface, so this will have a magnifying effect beyond just the feedback from increased CO2.

But much of that ice is flowing out of the Arctic Ocean — and the departure of older thicker ice by that route is one reason this summer will have a lot of open water up North, according to ice experts.

Cold - water corals are already threatened by practices of open - ocean trawling for bottom fish.

«Pelagic sediment or pelagite is a fine - grained sediment that has accumulated by the settling of particles through the water column to the ocean floor beneath the open ocean far from land.

As you say «Simples» Think of the ocean as an open pot of warm water with constant heat input (TSI) at a level where water is held at constant temperature by evaporation and internal convection.

Here how it works: Think of the ocean as an open pot of warm water with constant heat input (TSI) at a level where water is held at constant temperature by evaporation and internal convection.

By combination of this sea ice proxy IP25 with (biomarker) proxies for open - water phytoplankton productivity such as brassicasterol, dinosterol or a specific tri-unsaturated HBI (HBI - III) 37,38,39,40,41, a more precise (semi-quantitative) reconstruction of present and past Arctic Ocean sea ice conditions from marine sediments are now available (Supplementary Fig. 1; see Metho 6ds for some more details).

Reynolds, 5.15 (± 0.64), Statistical (same as June) The long - term loss of extent in summer is largely driven by volume decline of ice in the Arctic Ocean mediated by the resulting increase in open water formation efficiency.

As however it takes longer than before for the sea ice to recover and extend across most of the Arctic Ocean, the lower atmosphere is being warmed by the (partly) open water beneath it — like a take away coffee without a lid emits heat to the air above it.

For example, reductions in seasonal sea ice cover and higher surface temperatures may open up new habitat in polar regions for some important fish species, such as cod, herring, and pollock.128 However, continued presence of cold bottom - water temperatures on the Alaskan continental shelf could limit northward migration into the northern Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea off northwestern Alaska.129, 130 In addition, warming may cause reductions in the abundance of some species, such as pollock, in their current ranges in the Bering Sea131and reduce the health of juvenile sockeye salmon, potentially resulting in decreased overwinter survival.132 If ocean warming continues, it is unlikely that current fishing pressure on pollock can be sustained.133 Higher temperatures are also likely to increase the frequency of early Chinook salmon migrations, making management of the fishery by multiple user groups more challenging.134

Observations suggest that variability in oceanographic conditions in the Arctic is very largely driven by the consequences of the flows through open passages to both Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, which themselves respond to the different and characteristic variability of the circulation patterns of each ocean: each inflow is not only variable in volume of water transported but also in the temperature of the water imported.

These areas of open water influence: (1) the land by allowing more ocean waves and more coastal erosion, (2) Greenland outlet glaciers by exposing the glacier fronts to warmer ocean waters, and (3) the atmosphere by providing a source of heat and moisture during autumn.

Reynolds (Public), 4.06 (3.49 - 4.63), Statistical / Heuristic Because the decline in extent is due to increasing ease with which open water can be revealed by declining volume, a simple method is used to predict September sea ice extent based on May sea ice volume for the Arctic Ocean from the PIOMAS model.

Jim, my thoughts are that the deepening of the Antarctic ocean allowing a circumnavigation of waters, the closure of the Panama opening, the cool waters going up Atlantic way increasing productivity and blooms of krill evidenced by whales to get to their massive size in the last two million years.

Coastal waters play an important role in the carbon cycle by absorbing carbon into sediments or transferring it to the open ocean, a new study confirms.

The Surfrider Foundation filed appeal today of Superior Court Judge Judith F. Hayes» ruling siding with the San Diego Regional Water Quality Control Board's determination to allow «open ocean» intake to withdraw seawater for an ocean desalination facility on the Carlsbad coast, the largest ever planned in the United States, and the first to be scrutinized by the California courts.

Whereas these effects on open - ocean pH are calculated to be minor, they can be higher, at rates of 0.02 — 0.12 × 10 − 3 pH units per year (< 10 % of OA by anthropogenic CO2), in coastal ecosystems (Doney et al. 2007), where atmospheric deposition is intense and the waters can be more weakly buffered.

Coastal ecosystems with attenuated or low - level watershed influences, such as Antarctic ecosystems and those adjacent to arid regions, are expected to show patterns consistent with OA by anthropogenic CO2 as they typically show little pH variability comparable to open - ocean waters (Hofmann et al. 2011; Matson et al. 2011; Falter et al. 2013).

[It would be interesting to request funds to study the «albedo of sunlight at low solar angles on open ocean waters under varying cloud conditions, wave heights, and wind speeds» by studying sunsets at a convenient location, such as Key West or Oahu, for several months.

River - dominated systems will reflect the dynamics of the freshwater end - member, and the deviation of coastal ecosystems supporting intense metabolism from the conservative mixing lines delineated by the open - ocean and freshwater end - members will depend on water residence time and mixing processes (Anthony et al. 2011; Falter et al. 2013).

The pH in surface open - ocean waters was regulated largely by changes in CO2 because the carbonate ion concentration (CO3 −) concentration is relatively uniform over the timescales of interest and ocean waters are mostly saturated in Ca2 + (Caldeira and Berner 1999).

(And I still can't see how a newly open and increasingly warm summer Arctic Ocean won't produce more water vapor, vapor whose GHG properties will further accelerate Arctic warming — or is that completely offset by increased cloud formation??)

Perhaps the ice had been thinned by ocean currents that deliver warm water from below, or by the wind, which could generate open water areas.

Westerly winds created by high pressure over the Amundsen Sea push cold water away from the ice sheet and toward the open ocean, Steig said.

That warming extends the 50 m or so to the seabed because we are dealing with only a polar surface water layer here (over the shelves the Arctic Ocean structure is one - layer rather than three layers) and the surface warming is mixed down by wave - induced mixing because the extensive open water permits large fetches.