Sentences with phrase «by organic aerosols»

«We developed and implemented new modeling approaches based on laboratory measurements to include shielding of toxics by organic aerosols in a global atmosphere model that resulted in large improvements of model predictions,» said PNNL scientist Dr. Manish Shrivastava.

Not exact matches

Aerosol nucleation is known to require sulphuric acid, but Kirkby's team found that it is not enough by itself at low altitudes — the presence of an additional organic trace vapour is needed (Nature, DOI: 10.1038 / nature10343).

Two important aerosol species, sulfate and organic particles, have large natural biogenic sources that depend in a highly complex fashion on environmental and ecological parameters and therefore are prone to influence by global change.

The results may help to explain discrepancies between observations and theories about how volatile organic compounds produced by vegetation are converted into atmospheric aerosol — especially over forested regions.

By adjusting elements of the test, such as the air exchange rate, which is the number of times per hour indoor air is replaced by outdoor air, as well as the concentrations of terpene and ozone in the chamber, the group was able to ascertain how those variables each affected the formation of secondary organic aerosolBy adjusting elements of the test, such as the air exchange rate, which is the number of times per hour indoor air is replaced by outdoor air, as well as the concentrations of terpene and ozone in the chamber, the group was able to ascertain how those variables each affected the formation of secondary organic aerosolby outdoor air, as well as the concentrations of terpene and ozone in the chamber, the group was able to ascertain how those variables each affected the formation of secondary organic aerosols.

A large portion of secondary organic aerosols - tiny particles in the air we breathe that contribute to cloud formation and precipitation - arise from a combination of man - made pollution and molecules given off by plant matter.

CLOUD shows that organic vapours emitted by trees produce abundant aerosol particles in the atmosphere in the absence of sulphuric acid.

Secondary organic aerosols, or SOAs, are created when hydrocarbon gases, given off by everything from pine trees to snow blowers, undergo a series of chemical reactions in the atmosphere to produce particles.

Analyses of the ground and aircraft data performed by Setyan et al. (2012), Shilling et al. (2013), and Kleinman et al. (2016) showed that organic aerosol production increased when human - caused emissions from Sacramento mixed with air rich in isoprene, an organic compound wafting from many plants that originate in the area's foothills.

Formation of nitrogen - and sulfur - containing light - absorbing compounds accelerated by evaporation of water from secondary organic aerosols

However, because of its acidity, H2SO4 (and potentially MSA) can enhance the formation and growth of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from organic compounds (5, 44, 45), including those produced by homogeneous nucleation of low - volatility species (46).

Brown clouds contain dark aerosols such as soot that are released into the atmosphere by burning organic matter.

The brownish color of the cloud (which is visible when looking at the horizon) is due to absorption of solar radiation at short wavelengths (green, blue, and UV) by organic and black carbon aerosols as well as by NOx.

New evidence shows that the ocean also acts as a source of organic matter from biogenic origin -LSB-...] Surface - active organic matter of biogenic origin -LSB-...] enriched in the oceanic surface layer and transferred to the atmosphere by bubble - bursting processes, are the most likely candidates to contribute to the observed organic fraction in marine aerosol.

It delves into the impacts of aerosols, which are tiny pollutants of mineral dust, soot and organic matter emitted by sources such as power plants, factories and quarries.

... Aerosol species are grouped by the parameterization into three basic types: dust and metallic compounds, inorganic black carbon, and insoluble organic aerosols.

Aerosol «blue haze», as seen here in the Great Smoky Mountains in North Carolina, is formed by the oxidation of volatile organic compounds emitted by trees.

Organic aerosols that are directly injected in the atmosphere in the particulate phase are called primary organic aerosols (POA), while those that are created by the oxidation of volatile organic compounds are known as secondary organic aerosols (SOA).

International research group shows that the aging of organic aerosols is caused by OH radicals

The experiments showed that the mass and composition of organic aerosols are significantly influenced by OH radicals.

FIGURE 4 - 1 Annual mean aerosol optical depth predicted by an aerosol chemical transport model due to sulfate, mineral dust, sea salt, and organic and black carbon aerosols.

Additional variables also being measured by Aqua include radiative energy fluxes, aerosols, vegetation cover on the land, phytoplankton and dissolved organic matter in the oceans, and air, land, and water temperatures.

This thinning, which can decrease the ozone concentration by as much as 70 percent, was caused by the rampant use of human - made chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), organic compounds that were once widely used in cooling systems and aerosols.

Novakov, T., S. Menon, T.W. Kirchstetter, D. Koch, and J.E. Hansen, 2007: Reply to comment by R.L. Tanner and D.J. Eatough on «Aerosol organic carbon to black carbon ratios: Analysis of published data and implications for climate forcing».

Theoretically, coatings of essentially non-absorbing components such as organic carbon or sulphate on strongly absorbing core components such as black carbon can increase the absorption of the composite aerosol (e.g., Fuller et al., 1999; Jacobson, 2001a; Stier et al., 2006a), with results backed up by laboratory studies (e.g., Schnaiter et al., 2003).