Not exact matches
Algae production consumes more energy, has higher greenhouse gas emissions and uses more water than
other biofuel sources, like corn, switch grass and canola, Clarens and his colleagues found
by using a statistical model to compare growth data of algae with conventional crops.
Once harvested, these crops would get ferried
by truck or train to power plants and
other industrial facilities where, along with waste from food crops and timber harvests, they would be burned for heat or electricity, or converted to ethanol and
other liquid
biofuels.
But the thinking is that the carbon dioxide emitted
by renewable sources will eventually get reabsorbed through photosynthesis, as trees, corn, and
other biofuel sources grow back.
The researchers incorporated information on soot produced
by burning fossil fuels, wood and
other biofuels, along with that naturally produced
by forest fires and then checked their model predictions against global measurements of soot levels in polar snow from Sweden to Alaska to Russia and in Antarctica as well as in nonpolar areas such as the Tibetan Plateau.
Once excreted and cultured
by researchers, those same bugs go to town on
other plant scraps and produce a hydrogen - based
biofuel.
The new analysis found that conventional crops such as corn had the highest yield of biomass that can be turned into
biofuel on marginal lands, although their ability to reduce CO2 is harmed
by tilling, fertilizing and
other CO2 - producing activities necessary to turn them into fuel.
In contrast, the grasses and
other flowers and plants that grow naturally when such lands are left fallow — species such as goldenrod, frost aster, and couch grass, among
others — can deliver roughly the same amount of
biofuel energy per hectare per year if fertilized, yet also reducing CO2
by more than twice as much as corn.
A handful of
other cellulosic ethanol plants, which will make
biofuels from corn stover, wheat straw and municipal waste, plan to begin production
by next year (ClimateWire, Aug. 5).
More specifically, researchers led
by the University of Idaho's Tara Hudiburg merged the DayCent ecological model with another, BEPAM, originally designed to study environmental and economic impacts of proposed
biofuel policies, forming a combined model that simultaneously accounts for market forces, land use, transportation costs, and a variety of
other factors.
Just as incinerators often start out burning forestry waste, and end up using virgin wood once supply of «waste» runs out, so too anaerobic digestion plants may begin
by using food waste, and end up utilizing forest products or
other «
biofuels» grown deliberately for the purpose.
In
other threads I have expressed my expectation that solar, wind, and
biofuels will increase
by 5 doublings in the next 5 - 10 years, if present trends are maintained.
Furthermore, as significant as that carbon sequestration
by switchgrass is, there are farmers growing switchgrass and
other plants to raise cattle that have double to triple + the rate of carbon sequestration as the switchgrass for
biofuel guys!
Perhaps this view will become the new received wisdom — it's quoted in today's NYTimes column
by economist Paul Krugman, «Grains Gone Wild,» who cites «the rise of demon ethanol and
other biofuels,» and points out, «Oh, and in case you're wondering: all the remaining presidential candidates are terrible on this issue.»
If the United States starts weaning off of oil and coal and onto homegrown
biofuels, renewables, nuclear and
other options, how much land will be gobbled up
by new forms of energy production?
Costa Rica is also developing — and attracting investment in —
other areas like solar, wind, and
biofuels and has committed to becoming carbon - neutral
by 2021.
Notwithstanding critiques of about
biofuels» net - energy value
by Pimentel and a handful of
other researchers, bioenergy was favorably viewed in energy circles until recently on account of its being domestic, abundant and non-fossil.
On the
other hand, this option would also exclude the sequestration benefits provided
by plant photosynthesis in growing
biofuel and biomass crops.
As an example, soot - free buses can be powered
by a wide range of fuels including fossil diesel or compressed natural gas (CNG), biogas, or
other liquid
biofuels, and electric drive engines including hybrid drive, fuel cell, and battery electric drivetrains.
By replacing animal and human muscle and low - density energy sources like wood, dung, and
other biofuels, and low - density, intermittent wind and solar, fossil and nuclear fuels have freed people from the basic tasks of survival to devote time and bodily energy to
other occupations.
By 2022, it was expected that 16 billion gallons of cellulosic
biofuel would be produced, but a couple of
other things happened instead.
Taking action to produce cleaner operations and cleaner products takes money — and industry is spending it to invent substitute and less carbon - intensive fuels,
by supporting technologies such as wind, solar,
biofuels, geothermal and
others, and
by improving efficiency and pursuing technologies such as carbon capture and storage and advanced technology vehicles.
«There are uncertainties inherent in estimating the magnitude of indirect land use emissions from
biofuels, but a policy that implicitly or explicitly assigns a value of zero is clearly not supported
by the science,» states the letter, which is signed
by experts from the World Bank, the Union of Concerned Scientists, and a wide array of academic institutions, among
others.
To satisfy the increase in world liquids demand in the Reference case, liquids production increases
by 28.3 million barrels per day from 2010 to 2040, including the production of both petroleum (crude oil and lease condensate, natural gas plant [NGPL], bitumen, extra-heavy oil, and refinery gains), and
other liquid fuels (coal - to - liquids [CTL], gas - to - liquids [GTL],
biofuels, and kerogen).
This move was welcomed
by many green groups and sent a strong signal to
other countries that are going down the
biofuels road.
He then offered a strategy aimed at, among
other things, reducing oil imports
by one - third
by 2025, partly
by increasing domestic production but largely
by producing more efficient vehicles and
by moving advanced
biofuels from the laboratory to commercial production.
In Cancún, the imperative of including agriculture and
biofuels; or to decide on a blueprint for mitigation of emissions caused
by bunker fuels; or to define system - wide, large - scale levers for market - based action on mitigation and adaptation; or, establish new approaches that differentiate and foster innovation for climate from technological drivers in
other areas and in the past, were all avoided.
Supply and demand of traditional biomass, liquid cellulosic
biofuels, residues from the forest industry and
other forms of wood energy will be affected differently
by different factors across developed and developing countries.
Unfortunately, President Obama is following President Carter
by seeking approval from the environmental movement
by thwarting domestic fossil fuel production and promoting unreliable, uneconomic renewable energy sources of solar, wind, ethanol from corn, and
other biofuels.
Provides opportunities for refineries to comply
by blending
biofuels, purchasing credits from utilities and
others that sell electricity for EVs, reducing emissions associated with refining, and more
Fueled
by surging demand from China and
other emerging economies, and boosted
by the convergence of food and energy markets in response to American and European incentives for
biofuels, the worldwide commodity boom over the past few years helped trigger a land rush that precipitated the conversion of natural forests for farms, plantations, and ranches.
Fueled
by surging demand from China and
other emerging economies, and boosted
by the convergence of food and energy markets in response to American and European incentives for
biofuels, the worldwide commodity boom over the past few years helped trigger a land rush that precipitated the conversion of natural forests into farms, plantations, and ranches.
If you are growing crops to be used as
biofuels, then,
by definition, you are not using that land for any
other purpose.
Two studies, one conducted
by the Congressional Research Service for Congress and the
other by the United Nations, both urge caution in expanding the production of
biofuels because of the uncertainty surrounding possible side - effects.
Biofuels» Emissions Benefits Often Overstated Citing the study, Reuters reports that, «The OECD said that if Brazil's ethanol produced from sugar cane cuts greenhouse gas emissions
by around 80 %,
biofuels from
other feedstocks in the United States, the EU or Canada tend to have a far lower environmental benefit.
According to a new report from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, «Economic Assessment of
Biofuel Support Policies», not only is public support of
biofuels costly it has little impact on reducing greenhouse gas emissions: All the tax incentives, blending targets and
other public support policies in the EU, US, and Canada total $ 25 billion per year, but will ultimately result in less than a 1 % reduction in emissions from transport
by 2015.
Internationally shared rules on production could thus ensure that
biofuel crops do not damage the environment
by substituting forests and
other sensitive ecosystems, Clini said at the World Energy Congress in Rome, a brainstorming forum that runs through Thursday.
Sugarcane - based
biofuel, an approach favored
by other big
biofuel producers like Brazil, offers greater energy efficiency and is made with a crop that can be grown in unused lands in many tropical countries, contributing to their development, he told reporters.